Acoustic evaluation of the vertical distribution of dwarf ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis in Lake Biwa

SUMMARY: The vertical distribution of dwarf ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis in the pelagic waters of Lake Biwa was evaluated from June to September in 1995–97 from eight acoustic surveys using a quantitative echosounder. In each survey, echoes from a depth range of 3 m to the sea bottom were collected at a station every 2.7 s for 24 h together with measurements of vertical profiles of water temperature and chlorophyll-a. The ayu's echoes were identified using an underwater video camera. The ayu were observed near the maximum chlorophyll-a depth and above the thermocline. Their density was highest at depths of 4–11 m with 2–4 individuals/m ³ and was almost zero below 20 m. Echo signs were recorded as having a frequent duration of more than 1 h at night, whereas were of a shorter duration in the day. The fish stay in the epilimnion during the day without any clear vertical migration, but are distributed more uniformly at night. The advantages of remaining in the epilimnion are discussed in terms of food availability and predator avoidance.     

评教三结合 推进名师工程的探索与实践

在我国，高等教育由“精英教育”进入国际公认的“大众化教育”时期的背景下，如何保证教学质量，是摆在高等教育管理工作者面前的重要课题。我们结合学校实际开展“评教三结合”，在加强教学管理，推进名师工程方面进行了探索与实践。     

Sensory evaluation of farmed sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo)

The first attempts at applying aquacultural techniques to sharpsnoutseabream (Diplodus puntazzo) have proved very promising.One of the factors to keep in mind when analysing the viability of a speciesforindustrial farming is that of consumer acceptance of the product, a variablethat can be measured by sensory evaluation tests. To that end, 107 participantsfrom a number of work centres were assessed with hedonic sensory tests usingsharpsnout seabream samples. For reference purposes, the tasting also includedgilthead seabream samples. Participants were asked to fill out a questionnairethat included questions concerning their preferences for any one fish. Weanalysed the sensory attributes of both fish species using a hedonic scale, andalso their acceptability (disposition to purchase) to consumers. The resultsproved fairly encouraging with a view to sharpsnout seabream large-scaleproduction. All attributes tested in the sensory profile analysis werepositively rated. About 60% of the surveyed population would consider buyingsharpsnout seabream at a price similar to that of gilthead seabream (10),and 85% found it to be pleasing to the eye. Aside from flavour, its texture,juiciness and fat level are the most important appraisal attributes. Efforts toimprove the organoleptic characteristics of the species should focus mainly onthese attributes.     

From classical taxonomy to genome and metabolome: towards comprehensive quality standards for medicinal herb raw materials and extracts

Fundamental to herbal medicine quality is the use of 'authentic' medicinal herb species. Species, however, 'represent more or less arbitrary and subjective man-made units'. Against this background, we discuss, with illustrative examples, the importance of defining species boundaries by accommodating both the fixed (shared) diagnostic and varying (within-species) traits in medicinal herb populations. We emphasize the role of taxonomy, floristic information and genomic profiling in authenticating medicinal herb species, in addition to the need to include within species phytochemical profile variations while developing herbal extract identification protocols. We outline the application of species-specific genomic and phytochemical markers, chemoprofiling and chemometrics as additional tools to develop qualifying herbal extract references. We list the diagnostic traits available subsequent to each step during the medicinal herb extract manufacturing process and delineate limits to qualification of extract references.     

提高滇红品质的工艺创新研究

[目的]提高滇红的品质并指导实际生产。[方法]以云南大叶种茶鲜叶为原料,在传统滇红制作工艺的基础上,对滇红的萎凋工艺进行改变创新;主要内容包括对萎凋工艺进行晒青、摇青、抖青的单因素和组合研究。[结果]试验表明,通过晒青、摇青和抖青组合的萎凋工艺可使滇红具有天然花香、滋味更醇厚,茶汤更红浓明亮的特点,并且增加了滇红中水浸出物、氨基酸、可溶性糖、茶黄素和茶红素的含量,有效提高了云南滇红的综合品质。[结论]新工艺能显著提升滇红品质,适合云南大叶种的滇红加工生产和推广应用。     

农用地估价方法综述

农用地估价的常用方法有：收益还原法、收益倍数法、成本法、假设开发法、市场比较法、影子价格法、享乐定价法、土壤潜力估价法、标准田法等。这些估价方法对我国农用地的可操作性、适用范围．学术界有不同的看法,文章对这些观点进行了综述与分析。     

猪肌肉糖原酵解潜力的影响因素及其营养调控研究进展

肌肉糖原酵解是屠宰后肌肉向肉转变过程中的主要能量代谢途径,产生的乳酸和H+会降低肉的pH、改变蛋白质变性程度,与肉色、系水力、嫩度密切相关,对肉品质形成有重要作用。肌肉糖原酵解潜力可反映糖酵解的程度与速率,是肉品质评价的重要指标之一。本文综述了猪肌肉糖原酵解潜力的影响因素及其营养调控途径,为肉品质调控提供理论依据。