桉木抽出物中多酚化合物的特性研究

采用化学分析和光谱分析相结合的方法,从制浆造纸的角度,重点对雷林一号桉木的多酚化合物的特性进行了研究。结果表明：幼龄材的抽出物含量较少,适宜于制浆的采伐期为５～７年。１５年生雷林一号桉木心材中的多酚类化合物以水解单宁为主（占原料的５．９８％）,其次为缩合单宁（１．９１％）。稀碱预处理桉木,可除去大部分多酚类化合物。存放过久的桉木中多酚化合物大部分变成‘黄粉’,既不溶于水也不溶于丙酮,只溶于稀碱或亚硫酸钠。桉木制浆前采用碱预处理可减轻多酚化合物对制浆产生的不良影响。     

云芝液体培养过程中胞外酶与胞外多糖的变化

研究了云芝在液体培养过程中胞外酶与胞外多糖等相关指标的动态变化.结果表明,在28℃,150 r/min恒温振荡培养条件下,云芝茵丝体生物量在第12 d达到最大值(6.436 g/L);发酵液的pH值在整个液体培养过程中变化不大;胞外蛋白质浓度于第11 d达到峰值;愈创木酚氧化酶在第12 d达产酶高峰,酶活性为713.2 u;多酚氧化酶分别在第12 d与第18 d出现产酶高峰,其酶活峰值分别是660.1 u和1 001. 0 u;胞外多糖含量的最大值(23.70 mg/L)也出现在第12 d.     

Response dynamics of three defense related enzymes in cotton leaves to the interactive stress of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) herbivory and omethoate application

In order to explore the response dynamics of the activities of defense related enzymes in cotton leaves towards the interactive stress of Helicoverpa armigera herbivory and omethoate application, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL), lipoxygenase(LOX), and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) were examined from 6 to 126 h after cotton leaves were treated 12 h of H. armigera herbivory, and then sprayed with 800 mg L–1 omethoate. The results showed that the changes in the activities of PAL, LOX and PPO that occured under the interactive stress of H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application reflected the interactive effects of the two stresses on cotton defense. The similarity between the response dynamics of PAL, LOX, and PPO activities in cotton leaves under the interactive stress and that under H. armigera herbivory treatment alone showed that the induction of H. armigera herbivory on the activities of PAL, LOX and PPO in cotton leaves played a leading role in the interactive effects, and the effect of omethoate application played only a minor role. A joint factor analysis was performed according to a method which has been used to analyze the joint toxicity of pesticides; this analysis sought to clarify if there was a synergistic, antagonistic, or additive effect on PAL, LOX, and PPO activity in cotton leaves resulting from the interactive H. armigera herbivory and omethoate treatment. In the interactive effect on the response of PAL activity in cotton leaves, antagonistic effects of the omethoate application towards H. armigera herbivory were observed at 6 and 12 h. Synergistic effects were then observed at 18 and 30 h. Antagonistic effects were observed from 54 to 78 h and synergistic effects were finally observed at 126 h. The correlation between H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application in the interactive effect on cotton defense responses of LOX activity also fluctuated from synergism to antagonism during the time course. In the interactive effect on PPO activity, only antagonism was observed between H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application. In the interactive stress of H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application on cotton defense responses, omethoate affected the defense responses of cotton to H. armigera herbivory by producing antagonistic and synergistic effects. These results will be useful to understand the relationship between host plant and herbivorous pest.     

Screening of Costus speciosus extracts for antioxidant activity

Different parts of Costus speciosus were investigated for their polyphenol content and antioxidant activity.     

Characterization of cytoplasmic male sterility in Petunia hybrida and Zea mays. Localization and activity of cytochrome c oxidase

Summary Anthers of male fertile, cytoplasmic male sterile (cms), and restored male fertile Petunia hybrida, are analyzed for cytochrome c oxidase (cox) activity in subsequent stages of microsporogenesis, and compared with anthers of male fertile, cms-S and cms-C Zea mays. The cox activity is determined in anther extracts and cytochemically. In petunia anthers, the first differences in cox activity occur from meiosis onward. However, at these stages, the initial symptoms of degeneration are already apparent. It is suggested that the decline in enzyme activity of the cms petunia anthers is the result rather than the cause of the non-formation of functional pollen.In maize anthers, the cox activity of sterile-type anthers is reduced in comparison with fertile-type anthers from premeiosis onward. There are also consistent cytochemical differences in the mitochondrial organization of cox activity between pollen of cms-S and male ferile maize anthers. In fertile-type mitochondria, the DAB reaction product indicating cox activity is localized in the cristae and within the space between the outer and inner limiting membranes of the organelles. In mitochondria of pollen of cms-S maize, cox activity is only observed between the outer and inner membranes of the mitochondria. The biochemical and cytochemical differences are observed at stages of development at which no structural signs of degeneration are apparent. The results suggest that cms in maize correlates with deviations in cytochrome c oxidase activity.Abbreviations cox cytochrome c oxidase - DAB 3,3-diaminobenzidine