A 13CO2 Enrichment Experiment to Study the Synthesis Pathways of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of the Haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea

The production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in Tisochrysis lutea was studied using the gradual incorporation of a ¹³C-enriched isotopic marker, ¹³CO₂, for 24 h during the exponential growth of the algae. The ¹³C enrichment of eleven fatty acids was followed to understand the synthetic pathways the most likely to form the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) in T. lutea. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1n-9 + 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6, and 22:5n-6 were the most enriched in ¹³C. On the contrary, 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3 were the least enriched in ¹³C after long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 or 22:5n-3. The algae appeared to use different routes in parallel to form its polyunsaturated fatty acids. The use of the PKS pathway was hypothesized for polyunsaturated fatty acids with n-6 configuration (such as 22:5n-6) but might also exist for n-3 PUFA (especially 20:5n-3). With regard to the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway, Δ6 desaturation of 18:3n-3 appeared to be the most limiting step for T. lutea, “stopping” at the synthesis of 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3. These two fatty acids were hypothesized to not undergo any further reaction of elongation and desaturation after being formed and were therefore considered “end-products”. To circumvent this limiting synthetic route, Tisochrysis lutea seemed to have developed an alternative route via Δ8 desaturation to produce longer chain fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3. 22:6n-3 presented a lower enrichment and appeared to be produced by a combination of different pathways: the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway by desaturation of 22:5n-3, the alternative route of ω-3 desaturase using 22:5n-6 as precursor, and possibly the PKS pathway. In this study, PKS synthesis looked particularly effective for producing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The rate of enrichment of these compounds hypothetically synthesized by PKS is remarkably fast, making undetectable the ¹³C incorporation into their precursors. Finally, we identified a protein cluster gathering PKS sequences of proteins that are hypothesized allowing n-3 PUFA synthesis.     

nRF401在大棚温度监控中的应用

应用基于蓝牙技术的无线收发芯片nRF401,研究了大棚温度监控中信号的无线传输技术和实现方法.阐述了无线收发芯片nRF401的特点及性能指标,并通过nRF401无线通信模块进行无线实时监控的监测系统.系统利用单片机同时对多个温度传感器进行控制和数据传输,并应用无线射频技术,将检测到的大棚温度数据传输至基站处理单元,实现对大棚温度的远程监控.     

玉米秸秆低温高效降解复合菌系GF-20的温度和pH适应性研究

【目的】研究不同条件下复合菌系的秸秆分解能力和酶活性,评价该复合菌系的功能稳定性及适应性,为进一步完善该复合菌系的筛选技术及其应用提供理论依据。【方法】以复合菌系GF-20为研究对象,在不同温度和pH值条件下连续继代培养,测定所得复合菌系的滤纸分解特性、玉米秸秆降解率、发酵液pH值、纤维素酶和半纤维素酶活性,以评价复合菌系的功能稳定性。【结果】在温度4~30℃、pH 6.0~9.0时,经过15代的继代培养,复合菌系GF-20在培养的108~140h可分解滤纸纤维素,玉米秸秆降解率保持在30%以上,发酵液pH值随发酵时间的延长趋近于中性,pH调节能力良好,纤维素酶活性为1.22~2.34 U/mL,半纤维素酶活性为12.82~14.23U/mL。【结论】复合菌系GF-20可在较大的温度和pH范围内保持较高的纤维素和半纤维素酶活性,能发挥秸秆降解作用,具有良好的开发潜力和应用前景。     

氮磷钾肥料不同用量对济麦20号产量效应的试验

通过采用三元二次通用旋转回归设计,对济麦20号优质专用小麦氮磷钾肥料不同用量产量效应的试验研究,产量≥7500kg/hm2的最佳施用尿素量为424.5～522.0kg/hm2、过磷酸钙为328.5～396.0kg/hm2、氯化钾为259.5～342.0kg/hm2。氮磷、氮钾、磷钾间交互作用显著,肥效相互促进。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪肉中20种违禁药物残留的研究

建立了猪肉中违禁药物（糖皮质激素、性激素、β2-肾上腺素受体激动剂、玉米赤霉烯酮4类）同时测定的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。试样经盐酸水解,乙酸乙酯提取,低温冷冻去除脂类,亲水亲脂平衡固相萃取柱净化。采用C18反相色谱柱分离,以乙腈+水为流动相梯度洗脱,分别在电喷雾离子源正、负离子模式下以多反应监测模式（MRM）分段扫描同时检测,基质匹配内标法定量。结果表明,20种违禁药物在相应的浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99;该方法在猪肉中的检测限（LOD,S/N=3）和定量限（LOQ,S/N=10）分别为0.5、1.0 μg/kg。在0.5~10 μg/kg添加浓度水平下,平均回收率为63.9%~117%,批内变异系数1.9%~9.1%,批间变异系数4.9%~13.1%。该方法简单、快速、准确,适用于猪肉中多类违禁药物的残留检测。     

Cypermethrin inhibits egg development in the ixodid tick, Amblyomma hebraeum

The pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin (CyM), stimulates vitellogenesis in Ornithodoros moubata (an argasid tick) by stimulating the release of the normal vitellogenesis-inducing factor (a neuropeptide) and subsequent release of the vitellogenic hormone [19]. Here we examine the effects of CyM on egg development in the ixodid tick, Amblyomma hebraeum. Ovary weight, oocyte size, and vitellin content of the ovary were measured after CyM treatment; in partially fed ticks, none of these parameters were affected significantly. However, CyM treatment caused an inhibition of ovary development, as well as reduction of both hemolymph 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E; the vitellogenic hormone in this species) and vitellogenin (Vg)-concentrations in engorged ticks. In addition, the degree of salivary gland degeneration (which is triggered by 20E) was slightly reduced in CyM-treated engorged ticks. These results indicate that CyM acts differently in Amblyomma compared to Ornithodoros. Instead of stimulating vitellogenesis, CyM inhibits egg development perhaps in part as a result of inhibiting release of 20E.     

放线菌HN20对黄瓜和生菜的促生作用

为探究放线菌HN20菌株对黄瓜、生菜的促生潜力,通过培养皿法及盆栽法,测定不同浓度放线菌HN20发酵液处理黄瓜、生菜的各项生长指标。结果表明:HN20发酵液对黄瓜促生作用不明显,对生菜促生作用显著;100倍发酵稀释液能明显促进生菜各项生长指标,尤其能显著增加植株可溶性糖的含量,提高植株的根系活力。     

DS18B20温度传感器在温室大棚中的应用研究

针对温室大棚需严格监测温度的实际情况,在介绍了新型单总线温度传感器DS18B20内部结构和操作命令的基础上,建立了以AT89S51单片机为核心、DS18B20为温度传感器的温室大棚温度检测系统,设计了温度检测系统的硬件组成和软件流程。