栽培稻杂交后代保护酶活性的变化

以抗水稻细菌性条斑病（简称细条病）的普通野生稻DY3和感病轮回亲本9311组合构建了BC2F2群体．分蘖期用针刺法人工接种广西细菌性条斑病菌优势致病型菌株JZ28,选取其中的1、3、5、7、9级植株为材料,在孕穗期接种第2次,研究接种细条病后水稻叶片防御酶活性的变化动态及其与抗病性的关系。结果表明：高抗病1级与高感病9级材料的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量与对照亲本时间动态变化趋势相似,而过氧化物酶（POD）活性变化不一致;不同抗病等级之间,苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性在极端抗感材料之间差异显著．超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量差异不显著．     

Antioxidant activity of banana flavonoids

The antioxidant activity of flavonoids from banana (Musa paradisiaca) was studied in rats fed normal as well as high fat diets. Concentrations of peroxidation products namely malondialdehyde, hydroperoxides and conjugated diens were significantly decreased whereas the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were enhanced significantly. Concentrations of glutathione were also elevated in the treated animals.     

Use of apigenin from Cordia dichotoma in the treatment of colitis

Cordia dichotoma f. (Boraginaceae) is a small deciduous tree from India. The bark of was used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and colic pain traditionally hence present work was undertaken to identify the phytoconstituent responsible for this activity. Apigenin is isolated by column chromatography from methanol fraction of crude methanol extract of C. dichotoma bark. Structure of apigenin is established by various spectroscopic studies. Apigenin (5 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant healing and reduction in inflammatory enzymes when screened for UC. It can be concluded that apigenin from C. dichotoma bark may be responsible for the treatment of UC.     

土壤水分胁迫对生菜幼苗部分生理指标的影响

选取生长势一致的生菜幼苗进行4种不同的土壤水分处理,测定叶片中叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、丙二醛含量。结果表明,随着土壤水分胁迫程度的加剧,幼苗叶片中的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总含量与对照相比均显著减少;干旱胁迫处理第16天时,完全不浇水处理的脯氨酸含量(2.61μg/g)为对照处理脯氨酸含量(1.70μg/g)的1.53倍,完全不浇水处理可溶性糖含量(13620.53μg/g)为对照处理的(5 883.06μg/g)的2.32倍,丙二醛含量也显著增加。     

稀土对水分胁迫下小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化作用的影响

稀土元素能缓解水分胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片渗透势的降低,减少离子的渗漏,明显提高抗旱性.经过稀土处理的小麦幼苗,体内超氧物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性减弱.抗旱品种比不抗旱品种膜脂过氧化程度低,丙二醛在叶片中积累减少,表现出明显的差异.     

休眠期曙光油桃芽电导率及丙二醛含量的变化

[目的]探讨膜渗透性在落叶果树休眠中的作用,为休眠的人工调控提供理论依据。[方法]以曙光油桃的花芽和叶芽为材料,研究油桃芽体休眠期电导率及丙二醛含量的动态变化。[结果]12月31日曙光油桃花芽、叶芽的萌芽率分别是54.52%、55.23%,表明其自然休眠已经解除。休眠期油桃芽体的电导率及丙二醛含量的变化趋势基本一致即11月6日之前,花芽和叶芽的电导率、丙二醛含量均呈下降趋势;11月6日以后,随着外界低温的来临,芽体进入休眠状态,电导率、丙二醛含量均呈迅速升高趋势,并都稳定在较高水平。[结论]诱导芽体休眠时,芽体膜透性变化与其休眠关系密切,芽体休眠后,膜透性大而稳,说明芽体对低温有很好的适应性。     

持续高温处理对华北落叶松的影响

为扩大华北落叶松的栽培、引种范围,我们对其进行了不同时间段的高温处理,测量其叶绿素、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、抗逆性,分析它们的变化规律,从而分析华北落叶松对持续高温的适应性。结果表明:（1）随着高温处理时间的延长,叶绿素的绝对含量下降,相对含量上升;（2）不同处理条件下,随着时间的延长,超氧化物歧化酶的活性逐渐上升,抗逆性增强,后又趋于稳定;（3）随着高温处理时间的延长,过氧化物酶的活性呈波浪型,而丙二醛的含量则是先逐渐上升,后又下降。     

Allelochemical ethyl 2-methyl acetoacetate (EMA) induces oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Ethyl 2-methyl acetoacetate (EMA) is a novel allelochemical exhibiting inhibitory effects on the growth of marine unicellular alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum). Oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in P. tricornutum were investigated to elucidate the mechanism involved in EMA inhibition on algal growth. The increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents following exposure to EMA suggested that alga was suffered from oxidative stress and severely damaged. The decrease in cell activity and cellular inclusions suggested that cell growth was greatly inhibited. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxide (GSH-PX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased with the exposure concentration and decreased with the prolongation of exposure time. Cellular ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) systems were also involved in resisting oxidative stress of EMA by altering the composition of AsA and GSH pools. EMA exposure increased the contents of AsA, GSH, dehydroascorbate (DAsA) and glutathione (GSSG). However, the regeneration rate of AsA/DAsA did not change obviously between treatments and the control, while that of GSH/GSSG decreased significantly under 14 mmol/L EMA exposure on the 3rd day. These results showed that EMA-induced oxidative damage might be responsible for EMA inhibition on P. tricornutum growth and cellular antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants were improved to counteract the oxidative stress.