Seasonal growth and diet of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in demonstration channels and the main channel of the Waitaki River, New Zealand, 1982–1983

Abstract– Juvenile chinook salmon in the Waitaki River, New Zealand and demonstration channels, living at about 16°C, increased in length by 0.32 mm day⁻¹ between 4 November and 4 March. They gained weight quickly, accumulated large visceral fat deposits and had high conditions factors. At 1600 h, stomachs averaged half full. The number of prey tended to decline as the fish grew and consumed larger items. Initially the diet was based mainly on chironomid larvae, but by December it included a diversity of prey in more equal proportions. These included Deleatidium in the Waitaki; amphipods in the demonstration channels; various trichopterans, hemipterans, elmid beetles, zooplankton. terrestrial dipterans and a variety of other prey. There were significant differences between sites in numbers of prey consumed and these probably reflected differences in the benthos. Diets in the Waitaki differ from those in the Rakaia River and the food of juvenile salmon appears closely linked to the availability of a diverse range of possible prey.     

Growth of the fourspine sculpin <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cottus kazika</Emphasis> in the Gonokawa River,Japan, and effects of water temperature on growth

ABSTRACT:   The fourspine sculpin Cottus kazika is indigenous to Japan and found in Honshu except for the waters facing the Seto Inland Sea, and was also found in southern Shikoku and eastern Kyushu. This species has a catadromous lifestyle and migrates as juveniles from the sea to the middle reaches of rivers to grow. The growth pattern of this fish was investigated by a mark-and-recapture method from July 1994 to December 1996, in the Nigorikawa River, a tributary of the Gonokawa River system, Shimane Prefecture. 0-year-old fish of 50–70 mm total length ( TL ) occurred in the study area from June to July, grew to 90–140 mm  TL by the following April, and attained 160–210 mm  TL by December. This fish grew rapidly in September–November and April–July, almost ceasing to grow in July–September. It seems that this stagnant growth phase in summer is a characteristic of the seasonal growth pattern of C. kazika . A rearing experiment indicated that the growth rate of C. kazika was higher at 16–22°C than at 12–14 and 24–26°C. This result supports the field evidence of a stagnant growth phase in summer in the Nigorikawa River.     

Escaped farmed salmon, Salmo salar L., in the Glenarm River, Northern Ireland: genetic status of the wild population 7 years on

A previous study described genetic changes in a wild Atlantic salmon , Salmo salar L., population resulting from the spawning of escaped farmed salmon in the Glenarm River, Northern Ireland, in 1990. This study reports an extension of the original investigation with a further follow-up sample that was taken from the river in 1997 to assess the genetic status of the wild population two generations after the original hybridization between the wild population and the farmed strain. Overall genetic variation across eight polymorphic allozyme loci indicated that the wild population remains significantly different from the pre-escape population and from the immediate post-escape population, the presence of an allele not having been previously detected in this population ( GPI-1,2*140 ), suggesting that further incursion(s) of farmed salmon may have taken place.     

Use of stable isotopes to distinguish farmed from wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

Abstract –  Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen ( δ ¹³C and δ ¹⁵N) were examined in wild and aquaculture origin Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , to evaluate their utility to identify escaped farmed fish. Samples of muscle tissue obtained from wild Conne River, Newfoundland, salmon were significantly more enriched in nitrogen ( δ ¹⁵N: mean = 12.75; SD ± 0.38‰) but depleted in lipid corrected carbon ( δ ¹³C': mean = −20.51; SD ± 0.23‰) by comparison with aquaculture specimens obtained from Bay d'Espoir, Newfoundland ( δ ¹⁵N = 10.96 ± 0.19‰;  δ ¹³C' = −19.25 ± 0.17‰) resulting in a complete separation of the two groups. Aquaculture specimens differed in δ ¹³C' from analyses of commercial salmon diet by 0.24‰, within the enrichment range associated with trophic transfers, while the δ ¹⁵N values in salmon muscle were enriched by 5.01‰. Although differences occurred in direct comparisons of white muscle and adipose tissue ( N  = 49), the average δ ¹³C' and δ ¹⁵N signatures varied in absolute amounts by only 0.5‰, supporting the use of adipose tissue as a nonlethal means to determine isotopic signatures of Atlantic salmon.     

The status of habitat of great white and pink-backed pelicans in northeastern KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa: a review

Habitat change, mainly through the actions of humans, poses a threat to great white (Pelecanus onocrotalus) and pink-backed (P. rufescens) pelicans in northeastern KwaZulu-Natal, the southernmost distributions of these species on Africa’s eastern seaboard. This study assessed the relative importance and state of the potential pelican habitat in the northeastern KwaZulu-Natal region, focusing particularly on Lake St Lucia and the Phongolo River floodplain. Great white pelicans breed on islands in Lake St Lucia. Should these islands be lost through falling water levels or their becoming joined to mainland by deposits of silt, or by flooding, no suitable habitat for their breeding will remain in the region. By contrast, the pink-backed pelican nests in trees, and there appears to be plentiful alternative habitat. Lake St Lucia and, to a lesser extent, the Phongolo River floodplain, are important foraging areas for both pelican species. The hydrology of both these systems has been affected by human activities.     

石羊河灌区几种制种玉米节水高效栽培模式比较

对石羊河灌区制种玉米节水高效栽培模式应用情况和制种企业生产经营情况进行前期调研,并就不同模式在技术参数、灌水效果、经济及节水效益进行了分析,提出了存在的问题及建议。     

马莲河流域水土保持世行贷款项目监测方法及效果

甘肃省马莲河流域水土保持世行贷款项目实施8年,监测作为项目管理的重要手段,开展了治理进度与质量、经济效益、社会效益、生态效益和保水保土效益5大监测,取得了大量监测资料和技术成果,为提高项目管理水平,促进项目治理,发挥了重要作用,并为今后的水土保持项目带了一个好头。同时由于马莲河项目之前没有成熟、系统、各方面都适用的技术规范,项目监测是在探索中前进,从而导致项目监测尚存在技术手段落后、资料精度不高等问题,有待于进一步完善与提高。     

平原河网河流生态修复体系理论研究

平原河网地区多城市密集,随着城市化水平的提高,城镇建设不断与河争地,河网中大量末端河道被封堵或填埋,河网水系自然形态结构受到影响,河网调蓄功能锐减,河流生态系统的健康状况受到严重的威胁,河网河流生态修复问题的解决迫在眉睫。以河流生态修复理论为研究基础,就如何建立合理的平原河网河流生态修复体系展开研究,以期为平原河网地区的河流生态修复提供参考依据。     

水深环境梯度下柽柳种群分布格局的分形分析

利用计盒维数和信息维数两种分形方法分析了黄河三角洲湿地柽柳种群的空间分布特征及其随水深梯度的变化。结果表明,不同水深梯度下柽柳种群分布格局的计盒维数均较大,随着水深的增大而逐渐减小,但变化幅度较小,反映了不同水深梯度下柽柳种群对水平空间的占据程度较大;信息维数总体上随水深的增大而减小,在水深低于-1．55m范围内,信息维数较大,柽柳种群的微观结构较为复杂,格局强度较高,水深高于-1．55m时,信息维数较小,柽柳种群的微观结构较为简单,格局强度较弱。水深-1．55m可能是黄河三角洲湿地柽柳种群分布格局的一个阅值。