鸭病毒性肝炎鸭胚灭活疫苗的研究

以鸭病毒性肝炎病毒Ⅰ型ATCC毒株接种健康鸭胚,收集致死的全胚组织作制苗材料,用福尔马林灭活,以麸氨酸钠终止其作用。先后试制疫苗11批,在试验室免疫雏鸭71只,经强毒攻击后,总的保护率为90.4％。本疫苗免疫雏鸭3天后可产生较坚强的免疫力,在室温至少可保存11天,在4℃可保存254天。经在江苏、安徽、广东等省推广应用200000头剂,均安全有效,颇受用户欢迎,对控制鸭病毒性肝炎的流行起了重要作用。     

Anatid herpesvirus 1 CH virulent strain induces syncytium and apoptosis in duck embryo fibroblast cultures

Anatid herpesvirus 1 (AHV-1) CH virulent strain was first isolated from an infected duck and it was found that this virus strain could induce cytopathic effect (CPE) in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF). Following AHV-1 infection, DEF showed morphological changes such as cell rounding, improved refractivity and detachment from the culture surface. However, its pathological characteristics were not adequately known. Related studies were performed and the results showed that syncytium formation could be observed as the other type of CPE in AHV-1 infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of infected DEF were each used to visualize the shape and distribution of chromatin within nuclei and nuclear fragmentation was observed. Chromatin condensation and margination, as well as formation of apoptotic bodies were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DNA ladder formation was detected in AHV-1 infected cells and apoptosis of the infected DEF was also detected by flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V-FITC/PI staining method. Therefore, it was suggested that AHV-1 virulent strain can induce syncytium and apoptosis in DEF. Syncytium formation and apoptosis observed in this study may contribute to the elucidation of AHV-1 pathogenesis.     

北京鸭传染性窦炎的调查研究——Ⅰ.流行病学调查与病理学研究

1983年以来,北京地区几个商品鸭场陆续发生鸭窦炎。一年四季均可发生,冬春季多发。7～15日龄雏鸭易感性最高,发病率高,死亡率低。病鸭主要表现沉郁,打喷嚏,摇头,窦炎和结膜炎。耐过鸭生长缓慢,出栏期延长。病理剖检以呼吸器官尤其是眶下窦的炎性反应为特征。组织学变化主要表现呼吸道粘膜充血、水肿、出血,大量单核细胞、淋巴细胞浸润以及淋巴滤泡反应。     

Culture and Identification of Myoblasts Isolated from Duck Embryos

Using embryonic myoblasts to research the formation and de-velopmental mechanisms of skeletal muscle is becoming a research hotspot. This study aimed to establish a method of isolation, culture and identification of my-oblasts in duck embryos. [Method] Pectoral and leg muscle samples were isolated from the embryos of Gaoyou duck at 13 d of hatching, then disassociated with col-lagenase and trypsin and purified via differential adhesion. The isolated cells were cultured in vitro and detected for the expression of Pax7 protein using immunofluo-rescence technique. [Result] Myoblasts were obtained successful y both from pectoral and leg muscles in duck embryos and these cells proliferated strongly and differen-tiated wel . Immunofluorescence staining showed that more than 95% cells could express Pax7 protein. [Conclusion] In summary, we report the successful establish-ment of a complete system for the isolation, purification, identification and culture of myoblasts from duck embryos.     

重庆市近郊区县鸭传染性浆膜炎病病原分离鉴定及防治

通过对重庆近郊的沙坪坝区、北碚区、九龙坡区、永川市、璧山县、铜梁县的7个养鸭场病死鸭的病原分离,分离到三株细菌,经染色镜检、生化鉴定、动物回归实验,确诊为鸭里氏杆菌。药敏试验结果显示对庆大霉素、青霉素、链霉素、土霉素等高度敏感。在临床上交替使用这些药物,收到较好治疗效果。将分离菌制成灭活苗免疫1周龄的健康鸭,20日龄时用分离菌进行攻毒,平均保护率达83.3%。     

一株安徽株雏鸭肝炎病毒的分离与鉴定

从安徽省芜湖某养殖户送检的疑似鸭病毒性肝炎(DHV)的发病雏鸭肝等组织中分离到一株病毒,单称WHD。通过鸭胚接种分离到病毒。经动物试验显示,该病毒分离株的致死率达到70%。经过观察临床表现、剖检变化、血清被动保护试验,初步确诊所采集的病料均为鸭肝炎病毒。经和鸭胚中和试验证明,该病毒的血清型为Ⅰ型。     

三穗鸭组织中的重金属含量分布与安全性评价

为了解三穗鸭各组织中重金属蓄积与分布差异,了解三穗鸭中积累的重金属是否在人体的正常摄入中存在潜在危害,对三穗鸭的组织器官鸭胸肉、鸭腿肉、鸭肝、鸭心、鸭胗、鸭肠、鸭脚、鸭骨中重金属镉、铅、铜、砷的含量进行测定,采用数据处理软件分析三穗鸭组织内重金属含量水平及其分布特征,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗污染综合指数法和国家标准对各个组织进行安全性评价。结果表明：铜在鸭心中的含量最高,为7．0259 mg/kg;铅和砷在鸭脚中的含量最高,分别为0．4877 mg/kg 和0．2313 mg/kg;镉在鸭肝中的含量最高,为0．1565 mg/kg。通过与国家标准规定的范围比较表明,三穗鸭组织中各重金属含量均在国家限量范围内,其中,重金属铅比其他重金属综合污染指数高,但是污染程度均属于安全范围之内。     

鸭坦布苏病毒自然感染病例的诊断与病理学观察

为探究鸭坦布苏病毒(DTMUV)在贵州省鸭群的流行,对疑似DTMUV感染肉种鸭进行剖检,观察发病鸭内脏器官病变。取病鸭内脏组织进行RT-PCR检测确诊为DTMUV感染,将病料处理后接种BHK-21细胞,进行RT-PCR鉴定和透射电镜观察,确定分离到DTMUV,并将病料组织制作病理切片。结果显示,接种BHK-21出现明显CPE,电镜观察见病毒颗粒。将分离毒株的E基因经PCR扩增后测序,分析E基因氨基酸序列的同源性,发现所分离毒株与中国北京鸭源参考株同源性最高达99.39%,而与我国早期分离参考株(FX2010)同源性较低,将病料制作切片并进行HE染色,可见脑组织非化脓性脑炎,脾脏淋巴细胞减少,肝细胞变性坏死。本研究成功在贵州省分离到一株DTMUV,对其遗传进化进行分析,为探究贵州省养鸭地区DTMUV的感染和致病提供参考。     

中国蛋鸭品种资源的遗传变异

微卫星作为近年来应用较多的一种分子标记,可有效的进行基因鉴定和系谱分析,并可估算群体间的遗传距离。通过筛选的28个多态性较好的微卫星标记,检测了我国13个地方蛋鸭品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算了各群体的遗传参数和群体间的遗传距离。采用邻近法构建了NJ聚类图。结果表明：我国所有蛋鸭品种全部群体的平均杂合度较低,其遗传多样性相对贫乏,各保种场（区）要加强多样性的保护;各品种的平均多态信息含量的高低与群体平均杂合度的顺序完全一致;遗传距离的计算说明了13个品种的遗传距离较远。分化时间较长;13个地方蛋鸭品种被聚类为3个类,微山麻鸭、攸县麻鸭、淮南麻鸭、广西小麻鸭、荆江麻鸭聚为一类;巢湖鸭和恩施麻鸭聚为一类;福建省的鸭种连城白鸭、莆田黑鸭、金定鸭、山麻鸭与三穗鸭、绍兴鸭聚为一类。聚类结果的分析表明了各蛋鸭品种的分子系统发生关系与其育成史和地理分布比较一致。