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Magona JW Walubengo J Olaho-Mukani W Jonsson NN Welburn SC Eisler MC 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,155(3-4):273-280
A longitudinal study was conducted in Southeast Uganda for 14 months on 640 Zebu cattle kept under natural tick challenge, with a view to identifying clinical features for prediction of seroconversion to Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina and Theileria parva infections. Physical examination, condition scoring and tick counts were undertaken on all cattle every 4 weeks. In addition, 5300 sera were collected and analysed for antibodies against A. marginale, B. bigemina and T. parva infections using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The major clinical features compiled included weight loss, fever (rectal temperature), anaemia (packed cell volume), pallor of mucous membranes, lymph node enlargement, staring coat, diarrhoea and lacrymation. The risk factors included tick challenge at village level, sex, age, Rhipicephalus spp. density and Boophilus spp. density on individual animals. Using a binary logistic regression model, the clinical features and risk factors were analysed. The results suggest that increasing rectal temperature was associated with increased probability for seroconversion to A. marginale, while high level of Rhipicephalus spp. density and increasing packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly associated with reduced probability of seroconversion. Although statistically significant, none of the factors had large effects, with odds ratios (OR) of 0.87, 1.15 and 0.98 for Rhipicephalus spp. density, rectal temperature and PCV, respectively. For B. bigemina infection, a high level of Boophilus spp. density, anaemia and staring coat were significantly associated with increased probability of seroconversion (OR 1.50, 1.78, 1.37, respectively). Presence of lacrymation and old age were associated with reduced probability of seroconversion (OR 0.52, 0.86 respectively). For T. parva infection, lymph node enlargement (OR 1.30) was associated with increased probability of seroconversion, while high Rhipicephalus spp. density and increasing packed cell volume (PCV) were associated with reduced probability of seroconversion (OR 0.68 and 0.98, respectively). In conclusion, presence and intensity of the respective tick vectors for tick-borne diseases, age and clinical features such as anaemia, fever, staring coat, lymph node enlargement and lacrymation are indicators for seroconversion to A. marginale, B. bigemina and T. parva infections in cattle. These indicators for seroconversion could be exploited in the development of decision support tools for clinical diagnosis of tick-borne diseases. 相似文献
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: Dry cow antibiotic therapy is used to eliminate existing intramammary infections and to prevent new infections in the dry period. It is implemented as part of a total management system known as the 'Five-Point Plan' for mastitis control. Recent public concerns over the widespread prophylactic use of antibiotics, coupled with an increasing interest in organic farming, have lead to a re-evaluation of the treatment of cows at drying-off. As a result, attention has focussed on the use of novel alternatives to antibiotic therapy at the end of lactation. One such therapy involves the application of a non-antibiotic bismuth-based intramammary teat seal designed for use in cows with low cell counts at the end of lactation. Like the keratin plug that forms naturally in teats of cows that have been dried-off, teat seal forms a physical barrier to invading pathogens. To date, a number of independent studies have shown that teat seal is as effective as traditional dry cow antibiotic products in preventing the occurrence of new infection during the dry period in cows with somatic cell counts of ≤200,000 cells ml-1 at drying-off. This paper reviews the efficacy of teat seal in preventing dry period mastitis in both conventional and organic dairying systems. 相似文献
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Mestorino N Formentini EA Lucas MF Fernandez C Modamio P Hernández EM Errecalde JO 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(1):21-33
A comparative pharmacokinetic study was conducted to determine the order and the rate of absorption of triclabendazole (TCBZ) in cattle and sheep. A commercial suspension of TCBZ (Biofasiolex, Biogénesis S.A., Argentina) was administered at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg by the oral route to six Holstein female calves and six Corriedale female sheep. The plasma concentration profiles of the metabolites triclabendazole sulfoxide (TCBZ-SO) and triclabendazole sulfone (TCBZ-SO2) were analysed by means of the non-compartmental method. The order of the absorption process of the active metabolite, TCBZ-SO, was determined by construction of curves of cumulative absorbed fraction of the drug by means of the Wagner-Nelson method. The appearance of TCBZ-SO in plasma of cattle and sheep resembles the entry of a constant quantity of drug into the organism per unit time. This is explained by the reservoir effect of the rumen, which acts as a biological slow-release system for TCBZ-SO and its precursor TCBZ to the posterior digestive tract where they are absorbed. The plasma concentration profiles of TCBZ-SO in both species were well described by a one-compartment open model with zero-order process of absorption and first-order process of elimination. The values of AUC0-∞ and C max of TCBZ-SO did not differ between species, while other kinetic parameters except for λ z had higher values in calves than in sheep. In the case of TCBZ-SO2, t max was the only parameter that did not differ between species, while other kinetic parameters except for λ z had higher values in calves than in sheep. 相似文献
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从非流行区购进无蜱寄生的健康黄牛５头与水牛犊１头,其中３头成年黄牛（２～８岁）在畜舍内用从流行区水牛身上采得的镰形扇头蜱Ｒｈｉｐｉｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｈａｅｍａｐｈｙｓａｌｏｉｄｅｓｈａｅｍａｐｈｙｓａｌｏｉｄｅｓ成虫,置于牛耳壳内叮咬;１头运至流行区放牧,让蜱上身叮咬;１头黄牛犊（１０年龄）去蜱后２周,用液氮保存的患病水牛染虫血４ｍｌ（４×１０ ８个虫体）皮下注射;另一头去蜱水牛犊亦同时注射相同剂量的染虫血,作为对照。５头黄牛在试验期间其体温、精神、食欲正常,未出现任何临床症状,感染后１０～１２ｄ外周血液中出现少量不典型的牛巴贝斯虫,红细胞染虫率在０．１％以下,持续３～５６消失;对照牛则体温升高（３９．８～４１．１℃）,出现贫血、黄疸等症状,红细胞压积（ＰＣＶ）降至２６％,外周血液中出现典型的牛巴贝斯虫,红细胞染虫率（ＰＰＥ）高达１２％。对采用蜱叮咬及注射来自病水牛的染虫血为何不能使黄牛感染发病,文中进行了讨论。 相似文献
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本文应用x射线能谱技术，对获能前后精子质膜表面（头部、中段）和内部（顶体内、中段线粒体内）的元素进行了分析测试。结果表明，牛精子用肝素+咖啡因体外获能后，头部、中段质膜表面的Na、Al、S、K含量升高，Cl、Ca含量降低；顶体内Na、Mg、Si、P和Fe含量降低，而Ca、K、Cl和S含量升高；精子中段线粒体内Na、P、Si、Cl和Ca升高，而Mg、S、K和Fe却降低。获能过程中精子顶体内Na/Ca、Na/K、Cl/Ca、Cl/K和Na/Cl的浓度比分别为42.13、12.43、15.36、45.31和2.74；而摩尔比又分别为73.42、21.13、17.37、4.99和4.23。本文并对可能的获能机理进行了讨论。 相似文献
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利用转基因牛生产重组人乳铁蛋白研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
[目的]研究利用转基因牛生产重组人乳铁蛋白,为利用转基因动物生产药用或食用蛋白提供依据。[方法]对已获得的人乳铁蛋白转基因牛进行人工催乳,用乳成分分析仪分析了转基因对乳汁的影响,并利用放免法检测了重组人乳铁蛋白在转基因牛乳中的表达。[结果]重组人乳铁蛋白在牛乳中获得了高效表达,表达水平为(3.429±0.417)mg/ml。通过转基因牛乳的乳成分分析发现,转基因牛乳与常乳在乳脂、总蛋白、乳糖和干物质的含量上没有明显变化。[结论]重组人乳铁蛋白在转基因牛乳中获得了高效表达,为大规模生产重组人乳铁蛋白奠定了基础。 相似文献
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随着同种动物克隆后代的不断降生,人们又开始尝试异种动物体细胞核移植。用兔的卵母细胞作为核受体进行牛的体细胞核移植,研究表明,颗粒细胞作为供核体与兔去核卵母细胞的融合率(60.5%,57.9%)稍高于皮肤成纤维细胞的融合率(52.2%,48.4%),但两者间差异并不显著。颗粒细胞与皮肤成纤维细胞均采用饥饿培养和接触抑制培养两种不同的方式进行诱导处理,融合卵在电激活后能够卵裂并发育的情况差异显著(72.6%对51.4%;70.4%对52.2%)。有少数重构胚发育至囊胚,证明在哺乳动物异种重构胚早期发育中,异种细胞核与细胞质间是相容的。 相似文献