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1.
生物质燃料是指将生物质材料燃烧作为燃料,主要使用农林废弃物作为原材料。生物质成型燃料(BiomassMouldingFuel,简称"BMF"),是将农林废物作为原材料,经过粉碎、混合、挤压、烘干等工艺,制成各种成型(如块状、颗粒状等)的,可直接燃烧的一种新型清洁燃料。但是如何安全可靠使用,我国现阶段还没有成熟的技术。本文详细介绍笔者通过和企业合作的方式设计一款基于PLC的生物质燃料控制器的设计方案。  相似文献   
2.
Use of ongrownArtemia in nursery culturing of the tiger shrimp   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Juvenile and adultArtemia produced in a semi flow-through culture system were used as food for postlarval shrimp. The growth performance of shrimp reared on such ongrownArtemia live prey is identical to the growth obtained when feeding newly hatchedArtemia. However, a significantly better stress resistance is obtained when the postlarvae are exposed to a low salinity in a stress test. Besides nutritional and energetic advantages, the use ofArtemia biomass for feeding postlarval shrimp also results in improved economics as expenses for cysts and weaning diets can be reduced.  相似文献   
3.
4.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Uncertainties in biomass estimates in Amazonian forests result in a broad range of possible magnitude for the emissions of carbon from deforestation and other land-use changes. This paper presents biomass equations developed from trees directly weighed in open forest on fertile soils in the southern Amazon (SA) and allometric equations for bole-volume estimates of trees in both dense and open forests. The equations were used to improve the commonly used biomass models based on large-scale wood-volume inventories carried out in Amazonian forest. The biomass estimates from the SA allometric equation indicate that equations developed in forests on infertile soils in central Amazonia (CA) result in overestimates if applied to trees in the open forests of SA. All aboveground components of 267 trees in open forests of SA were cut and weighed, and the proportion of the biomass stored in the crowns of trees in open forest was found to be higher than in dense forest. In the case of inventoried wood volume, corrections were applied for indentations and hollow trunks and it was determined that no adjustment is needed for the form factor used in the RadamBrasil volume formula. New values are suggested for use in models to convert wood volume to biomass estimates. A biomass map for Brazilian Amazonia was produced from 2702 plots inventoried by the RadamBrasil Project incorporating all corrections for wood density and wood volume and in factors used to add the bole volume of small trees and the crown biomass. Considering all adjustments, the biomass map indicates total biomass of 123.1 Gt (1 Gt = 1 billion tons) dry weight (aboveground + belowground) for originally forested areas in 1976 in the Brazilian Legal Amazon as a whole (102.3 Gt for aboveground only) at the time of the RadamBrasil inventories, which were carried out before intensive deforestation had occurred in the region. Excluded from this estimate are 529,000 km2 of forest lacking sufficient RadamBrasil inventory data. After forest losses of 676,000 km2 by 2006 – not counting 175,000 km2 of this deforested area lacking RadamBrasil data – the estimated dry biomass stock was reduced to 105.4 and 87.6 Gt (aboveground + belowground and only above-ground). Thus, in 2006 the carbon storage in forested areas in Brazilian Amazonia as a whole will be around 51.1 Gt (assuming 1 Mg dry biomass = 0.485 Mg C). Biomass estimates by forest type (aggregated into 12 vegetation classes) are provided for each state in the Brazilian Legal Amazon.  相似文献   
5.
刺槐萌生林的初步研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对刺槐萌生林的生长和生物产量的研究结果表明:2年生的更新苗。以株高,地径和株数对比,萌芽苗优于根蘖苗。从树干解析表明,萌生林树高的连年生长量在第4年达到最大值(2.0m);而胸径和材积的连年生长量第8年时最大,分别为1.15cm和0.00775m~3/株。9年生萌生林乔木层地上部分生物量为54.826t/ha,年平均净生产量为10.229t/ha.a。与实生林相比,在相同的生长条件下,萌生林具有较高的木材量和生产力。  相似文献   
6.
    
This study aimed to evaluate the productivity of Arundo donax under good water and N availability coming from non-conventional sources, in different Italian environments (Padova and Bologna in the north, Reggio Calabria and Catania in the south) in relation to three harvest periods (autumn; mid-winter; late-winter).In the northern locations A. donax had already reached maximum productivity the year after transplanting, with 85 and 98 t ha−1 of dry matter at Padova and Bologna, respectively. At Reggio Calabria and Catania a further biomass increase was obtained from the second to third year of cultivation, when production was 62 t ha−1 and 51 t ha−1, respectively.The average dry matter production was 74, 66 and 65 t ha−1 with autumn, mid-winter and late-winter harvesting, respectively.Under N input ranging from 225 to 329 kg ha−1 year−1 at the different locations, the apparent N balance (input–output) was negative except in Catania indicating a great potential of A. donax to provide high N uptake, which would be a useful feature in environments under the European Nitrates Directive.  相似文献   
7.
    
We examined the carbon stock and rate of carbon sequestration in a tropical deciduous forest dominated by Dipterocarpus tuberculatus in Manipur,North East India.Estimation of aboveground biomass was determined by harvest method and multiplied with density of tree species.The aboveground biomass was between18.27–21.922 t ha-1and the carbon stock ranged from9.13 to 10.96 t C ha-1across forest stands.Aboveground biomass and carbon stock increased with the increase in tree girth.The rate of carbon sequestration varied from1.4722 to 4.64136 t ha-1year-1among the dominant tree species in forest stands in tropical deciduous forest area.The rate of carbon sequestration depends on species composition,the density of large trees in different girth classes,and anthropogenic disturbances in the present forest ecosystem.Further work is required to identify tree species having the highest potential to sequester CO2 from the atmosphere,which could lead to recommendations for tree plantations in a degraded ecosystem.  相似文献   
8.
李坚 《林业研究》1994,5(3):42-48
AIMThemostcommonmethodforas-sessingtotalbiomassisbydestructive1ysampling,i.e.cuttingdownrandomsam-ples,weighingthem,andextrapo1atingtheresultsfortheentirep1antation.Theesti-matewi1lgenerallybemoreaccuratewithalargersample,butenteringa3-5yearo1dplantationtocutdownshootsanddragthemouttobeweighed,isatime-con-sumingbusiness.Itisthereforenecessarytofindsomereliab1emeansofestimatingbiomassfromparameterswhichcanbeeas-ilymeasuredwhi1etheshootsarestillstanding.Amodelneedstobecreatedtoassessbiomassfirs…  相似文献   
9.
    
Improving rice yields is critical for global food security. China is a major rice-producing country having two rice cropping systems, i.e. single-season rice cropping system and a double-season system with both early- and late-season rice. There have been reports on the sink-source traits contributing to high grain yield for single- and early-season rice, but such information is limited for late-season rice. In this study, field experiments were conducted at the research farm of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China in the late rice-growing season. Grain yield and sink-source traits were compared among five cultivars (Guiliangyou 2, Teyou 838, Y-liangyou 087, Teyou 582, and Yuxiangyouzhan) in 2012 and then three cultivars (Guiliangyou 2, Teyou 838, and Y-liangyou 087) in 2013. Y-liangyou 087 produced 6–26% higher grain yield than did the other cultivars. This higher grain yield was driven by improvements in sink-source capacity. Sink capacity was 8–31% higher in Y-liangyou 087 than in the other cultivars. Well-balanced relations between spikelets m?2 and grain weight was responsible for the higher sink capacity in Y-liangyou 087. The result was that Y-liangyou 087 produced 11–17% greater biomass (source capacity) than did the other cultivars. The greater source capacity in Y-liangyou 087 was mainly attributed to higher radiation use efficiency (RUE). Our study suggests that enhancing sink capacity through balanced relations between number of spikelets per unit land area and grain size, while improving source capacity through increasing RUE is a feasible way to achieve higher grain yield of late-season rice in South China.  相似文献   
10.
    
A field investigation was conducted at the Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur during the year 2005 to study the effect of planting dates on duration of growth and development in wild marigold (Tagetes minuta). Duration of growth phases (vegetative phase to budding phase and budding phase to 50% flowering phase), aerial biomass partitioning and essential oil production were analysed. Plantings were done in seven consequent meteorological standard weeks (MSWs) starting from the 30th MSW (30 July–5 August). Planting time coincided with distinct changes in weather parameters and consequently significant variation in the performance of the crop. The results indicated that the crop planted in the 30th and 31st MSW had the longest duration of growth and highest aerial biomass. But it partitioned more biomass towards the stem, whereas the crop planted in the 35th MSW produced significantly less biomass than the former and partitioned more towards leaf and flower and had maximum essential oil content and production. The crop planted at the 36th MSW had the minimum field duration of growth of 50 days, but the partitioning towards leaf and flower were higher than the longest field duration of growth (30th MSW). The study clearly indicated that planting dates had profound influence on growth and development of T. minuta as reflected from the significant variation on growth phase duration, aerial biomass partitioning, herb and essential oil yield.  相似文献   
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