加入WTO对重庆市粮食产业发展的影响与对策研究

通过对中国加入WTO后在粮食产业发展上面临的国内外形势的比较分析，指出了我国粮食产业发展在加入WTO的新形势下如何发展的问题，同时结合重庆市粮食生产情况，为重庆市粮食产业发展提出了一系列的建设性意见和对策，以应对加入WTO对我国及重庆市粮食产业带来的冲击，对把握重庆市粮食产业的发展方向有一定的指导意义。     

人性的复苏——解析霍桑《红字》的人物

《红字》表达的深刻含义一直以来都是评论家们争论的焦点。文中从人性这个角度来诠释《红字》中3个主要的人物，探讨在清教的专制统治下，个人在自由与权威中的挣扎以及主人公在此压制下人性的发展，以此揭示作者霍桑本人的内心世界，即内心对爱的欲求以及呼吁人以极大的勇气抛弃虚伪、回归真实的人性。     

PEG模拟干旱胁迫下3种鄂尔多斯常见植物萌发期抗旱性评价

以聚乙二醇溶液(PEG-6000)为渗透介质模拟干旱条件,在12个水势梯度下,研究了干旱胁迫对木地肤、狭叶锦鸡儿和白沙蒿3种植物种子萌发的影响。结果表明,随着PEG-6000浓度的增大,3种植物的发芽率均呈现出明显的下降趋势;而较低浓度的PEG溶液可以对种子萌发产生促进和刺激的效果,加快种子萌发的速度,刺激初生根的生长,从而对发芽指数和萌发抗旱指数产生一定的影响。利用隶属函数综合评价3种植物在种子萌发期间的抗旱性,结果为木地肤>白沙蒿>狭叶锦鸡儿。     

16份引种禾本科牧草在荒漠草原的适应性及营养价值评定

试验对16种从国外引进的禾本科牧草在荒漠草原的适应性及营养价值评定进行了研究,结果表明:美国赖草、美国灰赖草、沙生冰草及西伯利亚冰草越冬率较高,均在90%以上;披碱草和赖草属牧草生长速度较快,尤其是灰赖草;美国赖草、灰赖草鲜重均达到6000kg/hm2以上,加拿大新麦草、保加利亚新麦草鲜草产量均在4000kg/hm2以上;护坡型冰草、西伯利亚冰草、沙生冰草营养价值较高、适应性强、抗逆性好,是优质牧草,可以作为荒漠草原地区推广种植的首选牧草;美国赖草、灰赖草虽然产量高,抗逆性强,能够适应荒漠草原地区低温和干旱等极端条件,但适口性较差,可作为生态用种加以利用。     

Effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Siluriformes, Bagridae, Pelteobagrus)

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco . Nine diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (30%, 36% and 42%), each with three carbohydrate levels (24%, 30% and 36%). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial mean body weight: 8.24±0.20 g) in indoor flow – through fibreglass tanks. The experiment continued for 8 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate were similar for the fish fed the 36% and 42% protein diets but higher than that fed the 30% protein diet. At the 36% protein level, carbohydrate contents varying from 24% to 36% ( P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹) had no significant effects on growth performance and feed utilization ( P >0.05). Protein efficiency ratio tended to increase with dietary carbohydrate level at the same protein level. Dietary treatments significantly influenced body composition ( P <0.05), but not the condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio ( P >0.05). Based on these observations, 36% protein and 24–36% carbohydrate with the P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹ seemed suitable for optimal growth and feed utilization, and carbohydrate could cause protein-sparing effect in diets for juvenile yellow catfish.     

新型纳米PE膜对温室环境因子的影响（英文）

[目的]检测新型纳米流滴控释膜的流滴性能及其对温室环境因子的影响。[方法]通过设施叶菜类农业大棚智能监控系统,对流滴控释膜和对照膜内的空气温度、光照强度和CO2浓度等进行检测和分析。[结果]通过大田扣棚跟踪监测数据发现,这种膜具有比现有长寿、流滴功能膜光照强度高、减少高温天气棚温上升以及具有更好的光合作用效果等优点。[结论]这种新型的纳米流滴控释膜比现在广泛使用的国产流滴膜性能更优越,应用前景广泛。     

Influence of larval co-feeding with live and inert diets on weaning the tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis

The tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis, an inshore fish in China, has showed great potential in aquaculture recently. However, poor survival was recorded during the period of weaning from live Artemia to artificial diets. In this paper, the influence of co‐feeding larvae with live and inert diet on weaning performance was described. The C. semilaevis larvae were reared at 21 ± 1 °C and fed four different feeding regimes from 6 days post‐hatching (dph): A, Artemia (10 individuals mL^?1); B, Artemia (5 individuals mL^?1); C, mixed diet (10 Artemia individuals mL^?1 and 12 mg L^?1 inert diet); and D, mixed diet (5 Artemia individuals mL^?1 and 12 mg L^?1 inert diet). Rotifers were also supplied in all cases during the first days of feeding. Mixed diets of commercial formulated feed and live prey (rotifers and Artemia) allowed larvae to complete metamorphosis, achieving similar specific growth rate (SGR) (18.5 ± 1.4% and 18.7 ± 1.6%) and survival (40 ± 7.6% and 48.5 ± 6.8%) compared with larvae fed on live feed alone (SGR of 18.3 ± 1.2%, 19.3 ± 1.9% and survival of 41.2 ± 11.3%, 38 ± 4.9%). However, in metamorphosed fish, when live feed was withdrawn on 31 dph, there was significant difference (P < 0.05) in survival and growth among treatments. Metamorphosed fish, previously fed mixture diets during larval stages, had similar survival (62.1 ± 7.6% and 62.8 ± 3.9% for regimes C and D, respectively) but higher than that obtained for fish that previously fed on live feed (49.3 ± 2% and 42.1 ± 3.9% for regimes A and B, respectively) after weaning (day 60). The SGR of weaned fish previously fed live feed was similar (3.1 ± 0.6% and 2.92 ± 0.6% for regimes A and B, respectively) but lower than that recorded for fish that was fed from day 6 to day 30 on the mixed diet (4.5 ± 1.1% and 4.9 ± 0.3% for regimes C and D, respectively). It is suggested that weaning of C. semilaevis from early development would appear to be feasible and larval co‐feeding improves growth and survival.     

低温和超低温对番茄花粉活力的影响

以云南农业大学园林园艺学院选育的Ryau96172I和Ryau9327D两个番茄品系的花粉为试材,低温（4℃）及超低温（-196℃）条件下保存．接种于培养基上,置于28℃的培养箱进行恒温培养．镜检测定花粉活力。结果表明．离体花粉在4℃和-196oC条件下保存1～3d,花粉活力与对照（25℃）相比没有显著差异：另外随着解冻次数的增多和储藏时间延长．花粉活力呈下降趋势．并于第7d基本失去活力。     

Chlorophyll Fluorescence,Photosynthetic and Morphological Characteristics of Waterlogged Sesame Seedlings

Two sesame accessions, ZZM2541 and Ezhi-2, with different tolerance to waterlogging were selected, and the seedlings at the 4-true leaf stage were treated by waterlogging for 48 h. Growth parameters were evaluated 1 d before the beginning of waterlogging and on the 3rd day after the removal of waterlogging (DARW). Morphological characteristics of root and chlorophyll fuorescence were measured on the 3rd DARW and leaf gas exchange was measured on the zero, 3rd and 15th DARW. Results showed that sesame accessions ZZM2541 and Ezhi-2 responded to waterlogging in considerably different performance.The stress induced leaf chlorosis and abscission and slowed growth of plant height in both accessions, but symptom occurred seriously in the susceptive Ezhi-2. In the more tolerant ZZM2541, plentiful of adventitious roots formed above the level.All of the average values of maximum fuorescence yield (Fm), quantum efficiency of open PSII centres (Fv/Fm), initial fluorescence (Fv/F0) and chlorophyll content (Chl) decreased at the 4-true leaf stage in both accessions after suffering to the stress.The decreases of Fm, Fv/F0 and Chl were more pronounced in Ezhi-2 than in ZZM2541. Less reductions of mean photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (gs) were observed in the leaves of waterlogged ZZM2541 than in waterlogged Ezhi-2 (compared to controls), and the leaves of Ezhi-2 showed a higher water use efficiency (WUE) after the removal of waterlogging. Based on the results, it was concluded that the tolerance to waterlogging of ZZM2541 appears to depend on a combination of photosynthetic characteristics responses and morphological adaption.     

Hg2+胁迫对小麦幼苗POD、CAT和SOD同工酶的影响（英文）

[Objective] This work was aimed to explore the mechanism of Hg2+ toxicity on plants.[Method]Activities of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were investigated in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)seedlings under Hg2+ stress at different concentrations.[Result]① There were no obvious effects on the growth of seedlings when the concentration of Hg2+ was lower than 0.10 mmol/L.However,toxic effects on the growth of seedling were observed when the concentration of Hg2+ was higher than 0.10 mmol/L.② Different tissues showed different resistant ability in response to Hg2+ stress.The leaves and roots of wheat seedlings were more insensitive to Hg2+ toxicity.③ CAT was more sensitive to Hg2+ stress compared to POD and SOD.[Conclusion]The toxic effect was related to the concentration of Hg2+(0.10 mmol/L).The higher concentration of Hg2+ could affect the expression of POD,CAT,and SOD isozymes in the leaves,roots of wheat seedlings and germinated seeds,which further affect the normal metabolism of membrane lipid and inhibit the growth of wheat seedlings at last.