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Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effects of aqueous extract and the debris of Mile-a-Minute ( Mikania micrantha H.B.K.) on the germination and growth of four test species, viz. tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), Chinese cabbage ( Brassica chinensis L.), corn ( Zea mays L.) and long bean ( Vigna sesquipedalis L.). Germination percentage, radicle length and fresh weight of two crops, Chinese cabbage and tomato, decreased progressively when plants were exposed to increasing concentrations (12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50 g L−1 ) of aqueous extract of Mikania , but did not affect those of corn and long bean seedlings. The emergence of tomato and Chinese cabbage was greatly reduced when Mikania debris was incorporated into the soil, irrespective of the amount of debris and the decomposition period. In contrast, the emergence of corn and long bean seedlings was not affected. The application of fertilizer (NPK 15 : 15 : 15) enhanced the fresh weight of all seedlings tested as compared with those not supplied with the fertilizer. Four compounds were identified in the leaf extract of Mikania , viz. caffeic acid, p -hydroxybenzaldehyde, resorcinol and vanillic acid. 相似文献
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Trema micrantha (L.) Blume is a neotropical multipurpose tree species, which could be used in forest restoration and agroforestry. Several cultures, however, require liming to satisfactory yields in acid soils. Therefore, it is important to determine the effect of liming to this native species, in order to include it in agroforestry associations. The aim of this work was to evaluate the morphological changes of T. micrantha, including the calcium oxalate (druses) and cystolith density, as caused by the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) addition. The assay included three treatments: control, pH 5.3; treatment 1, pH 5.5; treatment 2, pH 6.0. The liming reduced the root biomass and increased the shoot biomass. The leaf specific mass and nutrients concentration were not changed. The leaves presented higher density of druses in treatment 2. The cystolith density was not modified, but the cystolith size was increased by the liming. The results indicate liming tolerance in this species. 相似文献
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以石油醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇对小花假泽兰茎叶进行依次提取。采用离体和活体试验法测定3种有机溶剂提取物对3种植物病原真菌的抑制活性。生长速率法试验结果表明:在干样0.09 g/ml浓度下,乙酸乙酯提取物能显著抑制番茄灰霉病、苹果炭疽病、南瓜枯萎病3种病原真菌菌丝的生长,抑制率均在90%以上。组织法试验结果表明:在干样0.18 g/ml浓度下,石油醚提取物对番茄果实灰霉病的治疗效果为63.55%,乙醇提取物保护效果为71.47%。对小麦白粉病的盆栽试验结果表明:石油醚提取物保护作用为81.26%,乙酸乙酯提取物治疗作用为62.07%。 相似文献
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薇甘菊是世界十大有害杂草之一,其泛滥会对生态系统造成重大影响。建立一个高空间分辨率全域尺度的薇甘菊预警评估方法,是防治薇甘菊的关键手段之一。目前对薇甘菊的监测主要有人工踏查、卫星遥感监测,但前者效率低下而后者识别精度不够。以无人机为载体,通过采集待监测区域的薇甘菊彩色图像,应用Otsu-K-means、RGB、HSV色彩空间阈值分割算法以及K-means-RGB、K-means-HSV、K-means-RGB-HSV融合算法和MobileNetV3深度学习算法进行识别,采用召回率、精确率和均衡平均数F1值共3个评价指标对识别结果进行评价。实验结果表明K-means-RGB-HSV算法对盛花期薇甘菊的整体识别效果最佳。在此基础上,基于识别结果应用模糊层次分析法以及盖度公式,初步建立了薇甘菊的预警评估方法,划分了5个薇甘菊入侵危害等级,可根据所需监测精度的不同,设置不同尺寸的网格和辐射半径,绘制出薇甘菊入侵的精准分布热力图,能够清晰准确地体现不同区域的入侵薇甘菊的危害程度。在厘米级分辨率精度下,实现了基于无人机遥感的盛花期薇甘菊精准监测,为薇甘菊入侵的监测、预警和精准防治提供了有力支撑。 相似文献
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薇甘菊的危害与防除研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
薇甘菊作为我国南方重要的入侵危害植物,近年来迅速蔓延。对农业、林业发展造成了极大危害。本文对薇甘菊的危害、防除的最新研究进展进行了综述。为进一步有效防除薇甘菊提供参考。 相似文献