阳东县水稻测土配方施肥氮素指标体系初步研究

通过2007―2009年3年来阳东县各地区的水稻\"3414\"田间肥效试验结果进行统计分析,建立了阳东县水稻土壤有效氮素养分极低、低、中、高四级养分丰缺指标,提出了不同肥力水平下水稻土壤的推荐施氮肥量。结果表明,建立的水稻土壤有效氮丰缺指标的数学模型为y=19.058Ln(x)+23.797,水稻土壤有效氮含量与推荐施氮量的数学模型为y=-0.0064x+3.09。根据模型获得的推荐施氮量仍需在生产中进一步验证。     

Hydraulic Balance and Design of Covering System in Landfills

In order to solve desiccation cracks of conventional compacted clay cover system in arid and semi arid areas, three alternative evapotranspiration (ET) covers were proposed.One alternative option configuration consisted of 1m vegetation soil layer and 1m barrier soil layer, while two additional alternatives contained biointrusion barriers layer placed at different depths within the structural profile.Considering precipitation and evapotranspiration, a one dimensional moisture transport model through multilayer unsaturated soil was developed.By the case study of four covering systems under precipitation and evapotranspiration intensity of Dalian city at 1976, it was shown that the compacted clay layer of the traditional landfill cover could not get effective moisture charge.ET cover act as a reservoir during precipitation events and subsequently returned it to atmosphere as evapotranspiration.The biointrusion barriers layer located in the second ET cover design would restrict animal movement and play a key role in drainage.Consequently, these results would be used to assist in decisions making of the landfill cover system in semi arid areas.     

不同理化因子对荒漠生物结皮中三种蓝藻生长的影响

对实验室分离荒漠生物结皮中的具鞘微鞘藻〔Microcoleus vaginatus(Vauch.)Gom.〕、眼点伪枝藻(Scy-tonema ocellatum Lyngb)、地木耳(Nostoc commune Vauch.)3种蓝藻分别进行了培养,利用正交设计的方法研究了pH值、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+4种理化因子对其生长的影响,初步探讨了3种蓝藻在实验室内生长所需的最适生理条件。研究结果表明,具鞘微鞘藻的最适生理条件:pH值为8,Ca2+浓度为3.54×10-5mol/L,Mg2+浓度为5.1×10-5mol/L,K+浓度为1.345×10-5mol/L;眼点伪枝藻的最适生理条件为:pH值9,Ca2+浓度为1.77×10-5mol/L,Mg2+浓度为5.1×10-5mol/L,K+浓度为2.69×10-5mol/L;地木耳的最适生理条件为:pH值为10,K+浓度为5.38×10-5mol/L,Ca2+浓度为1.77×10-5mol/L,Mg2+浓度为1.02×10-4mol/L。     

旱地不同生态型冬小麦水分利用效率对播前底墒的响应

针对甘肃陇东旱作区冬小麦产量低而不稳、水分利用效率低下,冬小麦夏季休闲期正值该区的降雨高峰期,降雨和无效蒸发同步且土壤保持水分不足的问题开展试验研究。通过夏季休闲期的地膜覆盖、集雨抑蒸,提高播前底墒,并对模拟底墒试验的产量、水分利用效率(WUE)进行分析,得出:冬小麦产量与播前底墒具有显著的相关性,基于一定底墒条件下的底墒和生育期降水互作分析表明,产量与播前底墒的拟合度高于与生育期降水拟合;播前底墒对不同生态类型冬小麦产量和WUE有显著的影响,高底墒条件下的产量、WUE分别较中底墒和低底墒高28.40、70.43和22.94、75.06个百分点;在夏休闲期采用集流入渗抑蒸技术,使土壤蓄水效率由传统耕作的33%~38%提高到60%~70%,蓄保夏休闲期的降雨于土壤中,对于稳定提高适宜生态型冬小麦产量有显著的作用。     

(土娄)土剖面CO2释放通量的变异特征

采用碱液吸收法,对(土娄)土剖面CO2通量进行连续1年的定位观测研究。结果表明:(土娄)土剖面CO2通量具有明显的、较为复杂的季节变化规律,8月下旬最高,冬季最低;一般情况下观测期间耕作区(土娄)土剖面CO2通量呈现表层低-中部高-底层低的分布特征;休闲区(土娄)土剖面CO2通量的季节变化和剖面变化与耕作区相类似,但是在土剖面CO2通量的变化剧烈程度和复杂性方面,耕作区表现的更为明显。土壤温度是影响土剖面CO2通量的主要因素,二者间存在极显著的指数函数相关关系(P0.01);土壤含水量与土剖面CO2通量之间也有着一定的相关关系,但是与土壤温度相比其属于次要地位。土壤CO2释放通量与土壤含水量之间存在一个最适土壤含水量,随着剖面深度的增加,最适土壤含水量逐渐增大。     

巴东长江两岸旱地土壤质量评价

采集了100个样地的土壤,选取土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等评价因子,再将各属性值分级标准化,采用修正的内梅罗公式对采样区域的土壤质量进行评价,结果表明,长江以北地区的土壤质量属一般水平,主要限制因子为土壤的速效磷;长江以南地区的土壤质量属肥沃水平。     

不同施肥条件下旱地红壤磷素固定及影响因素的研究

以Langmuir曲线测出的Xm值（最大吸磷量）为指标,对不同施肥条件下红壤旱地土壤的吸磷能力变化特征及影响磷素吸附的主要因素进行了研究。结果表明：施用磷肥能显著降低土壤的最大吸磷量,其中。施用厩肥的土壤Xm值最小。有机质是影响土壤吸磷能力的一个重要因素,随着有机质含量的升高,土壤吸磷能力减小;活性铝也是影响磷素吸附的重要因素,随活性铝含量增加,磷素吸附能力增加;活性铁的影响不显著;pH对红壤旱地吸磷能力影响也不显著。通过因子分析得到,有机质含量对土壤吸附磷素的能力影响最大。在生产上,磷素最大吸附量Xm值可以作为初步判断土壤需施磷肥量大小的依据。这些可为红壤地及的褴毒施用研有档供理论依据和实践指导。     

Active Earth Pressure with Wall Rotation Movement about Base Considering Soil Arching

Based on coulomb’s theory and the study on the shape of the principal stress arching in limiting state soil behind the rigid retaining wall with the rotation about base, the horizontally earth pressure factor and the horizontal friction coefficients were calculated for different friction angle of soil and friction angle between wall surface and soil to study the vertical stress and shear stress.And the theoretical formulas were obtained for the active earth pressures, the resultant earth pressures and the points of application of resultant earth pressures.The effects of the internal frictional angle of backfill and the frictional angle between the wall back and the backfill on several parameters were investigated, which included the lateral coefficient of earth pressure, the horizontal friction coefficients, the unit earth pressure, the resultant force of earth pressure, the application point of the resultant force and the overturning stability of a retaining wall.And the formula proposed was compared with some experimental observations.And it is found that the results are in good agreement.     

根据土壤水平一维入渗推求紫色土水动力学参数

选择3种不同质地的紫色土,通过室内土壤水平一维入渗试验,探讨简单入渗法和入渗特性法推求水动力学参数对于紫色土的适用性。结果显示,简单入渗法和入渗特性法推求的水动力学参数中,水分特征曲线准确性较高,水分扩散率和非饱和导水率准确性较差。简单入渗法推求的水分扩散率和非饱和导水率均低于实测值1～2个数量级,但推求值与实测值曲线趋势较为一致。入渗特性法推求的水分扩散率和非饱和导水率在高含水量小于实测值,在低含水量大于实测值,推求值随含水量变化趋势响应缓慢。