杉木连栽林地土壤微生物的季节动态研究

杉木人工林林下土壤微生物数量,随着杉木连栽代数的增加而减少,表现出一代>二代,一代>三代;而且土壤微生物的组成和生化活性发生了显著的变化。四月到六月间,土壤微生物的数量最多,以后逐渐减少。土壤的氧化代谢能力有明显的季节性变化,春、夏季代谢能力强,秋、冬季较弱。从季节动态的平均水平来看,无论是土壤微生物的生物量还是土壤的氧化代谢活性,都表观出一代杉木林地>二代林地,一代林地>三代林地。     

致谢审稿专家

Two agricultural soils were collected from Dahu and Pinchen counties and swine manure compost (SMC) from Pingtung County in Taiwan, China to investigate the sorption and dissipation of three tetracyclines (TCs), i.e., oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC), in compost, soils and soil/compost mixtures with different organic carbon (OC) contents. There were seven treatments in total. TCs were most strongly adsorbed to SMC in all treatments due to the high OC content. When SMC was present in the soils, the sorption of TCs was significantly enhanced, which might be attributed to the increased OC content and CEC. The adsorption of TCs showed non-linear adsorption isotherms and fitted well to the Freundlich model. After 49 d of incubation at 25 oC in soils and soil/compost mixtures in the dark, TCs elapsed in all substrates, with the time required for 50% degradation (DT50) between 20 and 41 d, and the time for 90% degradation (DT90) between 68 and 137 d. Soil amended with compost enhanced the stability of TCs and reduced their mobility. The dissipation of TCs in a soil environment was slow, indicating that these compounds might be persistent in soil.     

退化伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地土壤种子库水平分布格局研究

采用萌发法对伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidium transillense)荒漠草地中度退化、重度退化和极度退化三个不同阶段的土壤种子库进行调查研究.结果表明:三个阶段种子萌发的总量均集中在前15 d,萌发高峰期出现在第10 d,到50 d萌发结束;中度、重度和极度退化的土壤种子库内物种数变化不大,分别为13、11和11种,在数量上占优势的物种分别为伊犁绢蒿、叉毛蓬和角果藜、叉毛蓬;随着退化程度的加剧,草地植被逐渐演替为一年生植物,伊犁绢蒿土壤种子库逐步退化,直至消失.     

Estimation of Water Content in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Soil Based on Remote Sensing Data–Vegetation Index

In this study, a suitable and near-real-time water status monitoring approach for winter wheat before harvest was developed with remotely sensed satellite data. Seven vegetation indices were extracted as remote-sensing parameters by making full use of the land surface reflection and land surface temperature transmitted by moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The correlation of each vegetation index and measured values of winter wheat and soil water contents in different crop growth periods was established. The simulation models, combining vegetation index, soil water content (SWC), and plant water content (PWC) in different winter wheat growth periods, were constructed to predict water content by using remote-sensing data. We found that the correlations between the difference vegetation index (DVI) and the perpendicular vegetation index (PVI) in the beginning of the stem elongation period with SWC were highly significant (P < 0.01); the correlation between the global environmental monitoring index (GEMI) in the ear emergency period and SWC was highly significant (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the correlation between the PVI in maturing period and SWC was highly significant (P < 0.01). Data of different coefficients of vegetation indices and PWC in different winter wheat growth periods illustrated that correlation between the DVI in the beginning of stem elongation period and PWC was highly significant (P < 0.01), while the correlation between the PVI in the maturing period and PWC was highly significant. Our results indicated that spatial and temporal vegetation indices were closely related to soil moisture and winter wheat water content in Wenxi County, Shanxi Province (P. R. China). The vegetation index is conceptually and computationally straightforward and may be used in prediction of environmental hydrological status.     

天山北坡融雪期林地、草地、裸地积雪特性及其影响因素分析

[目的]对比分析天山北坡不同下垫面融雪期积雪特性(积雪深度、积雪密度、液态含水率、雪层温度)及其影响因素.[方法]通过对融雪期林地、草地、裸地积雪特性、气象因子(气温、太阳辐射、空气相对湿度)和土壤因子(土壤含水率、土壤温度)等数据进行实时监测,利用Pearson相关分析方法对比分析气象因子、土壤因子与3种下垫面积雪特...     

局部覆盖条件下干旱过程对土壤水分蒸发的影响

采用旱棚人工控水、蒸发桶称重法,对地膜、渗水膜、干草、塑料泡膜4种地面覆盖材料在50%覆盖度下的土壤水分蒸发性能及保墒能力进行了研究。结果表明,4种透水或不透水覆盖材料均能有效减少土壤水分蒸发,其中蒸发抑制作用最强的为地膜,其次为渗水膜,塑料泡膜作用最小;在为期5个月的试验期间,地膜、渗水膜、干草、塑料泡膜覆盖可减少土壤蒸发量分别为23.04,10.89,10.03和5.68mm。试验还发现,覆盖材料对土壤蒸发的抑制能力与土壤干旱过程密切相关,低含水率持续干旱阶段土壤蒸发速率随蒸发历时延长而减小;高含水率干湿交替及持续干旱阶段则相反。局部覆盖能显著提高覆盖区与相邻非覆盖区的平均土壤含水率,延长适宜植物生长的土壤水分的持续期,减轻持续干旱对造林成活和幼林生长的威胁。