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71.
对梅州市五华县几个石灰岩矿区周边土壤中铅含量进行了测定,结果表明,污染土壤的铅含量远远超出了国家土壤环境质量三级标准(对土壤生态环境产生影响的最低浓度值),对生态产生影响。根据内梅罗污染指数评定得出,矿区土壤铅污染达到重污染的程度。提出了减轻铅污染对生态环境危害的控制污染源措施和改良对策。 相似文献
72.
云南绿春哈尼梯田湿地水稻土基本养分特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
选取了云南绿春县规东河片区、松东河片区、二号桥河片区为样区,分析了样区未发生土壤冲蚀、发生土壤冲蚀后修复1a,修复8a的梯田湿地水稻土表层土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾特征。结果表明,(1)绿春哈尼梯田湿地水稻土pH值在5.21~6.79之间,呈微酸性;土壤有机质含量在3.80~47.14g/kg之间;土壤碱解氮含量在39.51~137.47mg/kg之间;土壤速效磷含量在1.29~13.31mg/kg之间;土壤速效钾含量在33.32~178.90mg/kg之间。从空间上看,绿春哈尼梯田湿地水稻土基本养分在同一地方相同片区较稳定,变异不大,但是不同地方之间有一定差异。(2)未发生土壤冲蚀的梯田水稻土基本养分显著高于发生土壤冲蚀后修复的梯田水稻土基本养分。经过修复和田间管理,梯田湿地水稻土养分含量有所升高,发生土壤冲蚀后修复8a在0.05水平上显著高于发生土壤冲蚀后修复1a。(3)绿春哈尼梯田同一山麓不同海拔高度土壤有机质含量基本稳定,变化较小。土壤速效养分含量在不同海拔高度变化较大,随着海拔高度的升高或者降低,养分并没有表现出明显的垂直变化特征。 相似文献
73.
区域土壤侵蚀模型是大区域土壤侵蚀普查和水土保持宏观决策的支持工具,土壤侵蚀模型的研发是土壤侵蚀学科的前沿领域。基于DEM将区域划分为规则网格,设计产流、产沙过程的单元模型,包括植被截留、入渗、填洼、流速、携沙能力、径流剥蚀量、泥沙沉积等算法。将月降水当作1次降雨事件,并划分若干时段进行迭代计算,利用GIS空间分析功能完成水沙汇集运算,并在ArcGIS支持下进行计算机程序设计,有效地完成了区域侵蚀产沙量的计算。将模型应用于延河流域得到:1995年7月份平均径流深为35.6mm,径流系数为0.237,流域出口径流量为2.72亿m3,流域出口输沙量为0.38亿t,流域平均侵蚀模数为4575t/(km2.月);输出图形空间格局和结构符合实际情况,初步模拟结果令人较满意。 相似文献
74.
采用厌氧泥浆恒温培养实验 ,测定了添加 6种外源氧化铁后土壤中Fe(Ⅱ )和Fe(Ⅲ )浓度的变化 ,探讨了不同氧化铁的还原能力及其对土壤产H2 、产CO2 、产乙酸和产CH4 过程的影响。结果表明 :无定形氧化铁和纤铁矿易于被还原 ,两者的最终还原程度大体相同 ,但无定形氧化铁存在还原滞后现象 ;针铁矿、赤铁矿、Al取代针铁矿和Al取代赤铁矿难以被还原 ,表现出与对照相同的还原特征 ;铁还原能导致土壤中H2 和乙酸稳态浓度的降低 ,有效抑制了甲烷产生 ;添加Fe(OH) 3和纤铁矿后 ,Fe(Ⅲ )还原占总电子传递的贡献率由对照的 1 8.3 0 %增至 63 .3 2 %和 46.90 % ,而形成甲烷的电子传递贡献率由对照的 80 .92 %降至 3 5 .85 %和 5 2 .3 2 % ,Fe(Ⅲ )还原对电子的竞争消耗 ,使土壤产甲烷过程被强烈抑制 相似文献
75.
Tarah S. Sullivan Mary E. Stromberger Mark W. Paschke James A. Ippolito 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(3):258-266
A plot study was conducted to quantify long-term (>12 years) impacts of a single biosolids application, and short-term impacts
(<2 years) of a repeated application, on semi-arid rangeland soil chemical and microbial parameters. In 2003 and 2004, plots
which had received 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 21, or 30 Mg biosolids ha−1 once in 1991 (long-term plots), or again in 2002 (short-term plots), were sampled and analyzed for soil chemical parameters,
microbial biovolumes, C and N mineralization activities, Biolog EcoPlate substrate utilization potential, and plant productivity
and tissue quality. Repeated applications temporarily exacerbated differences in soil chemical properties among treatments,
but after 2 years, soil chemistry trends were similar between short-term and long-term plots. Soils which received a repeated
application of 21 or 30 Mg biosolids ha−1 had greater bacterial biovolumes and C and N mineralization activities. In long-term plots, mineralization activities were
stimulated only at the highest rate. Biosolids-amended soil communities also utilized Biolog substrates more quickly compared
to communities from control plots. Plant biomass increased, whereas plant diversity and plant C/N ratio decreased with increasing
application rate for both short- and long-term plots. Infrequent biosolids application had positive ecosystem effects in terms
of site management objectives, with relatively low extractable metal levels in soil and greater plant biomass and tissue quality
despite reduced species richness. 相似文献
76.
重迎茬亚麻生长发育障碍机制的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
重迎茬亚麻减产是由多种因素综合作用的结果,亚麻重迎茬可使病害加重是最主要因素,重茬年限越久发病越严重;重迎茬造成了土壤营养元素的单一消耗,随着重迎茬年限的增加,土壤中速效氮、速效磷、速效钾等含量降低。 相似文献
77.
Agricultural soil landscapes of hummocky ground moraines are characterized by 3D spatial patterns of soil types that result from profile modifications due to the combined effect of water and tillage erosion. We hypothesize that crops reflect such soil landscape patterns by increased or reduced plant and root growth. Root development may depend on the thickness and vertical sequence of soil horizons as well as on the structural development state of these horizons at different landscape positions. The hypotheses were tested using field data of the root density (RD) and the root lengths (RL) of winter wheat using the minirhizotron technique. We compared data from plots at the CarboZALF‐D site (NE Germany) that are representing a non‐eroded reference soil profile (Albic Luvisol) at a plateau position, a strongly eroded profile at steep slope (Calcaric Regosol), and a depositional profile at the footslope (Anocolluvic Regosol). At each of these plots, three Plexiglas access tubes were installed down to approx. 1.5 m soil depth. Root measurements were carried out during the growing season of winter wheat (September 2014–August 2015) on six dates. The root length density (RLD) and the root biomass density were derived from RD values assuming a mean specific root length of 100 m g?1. Values of RD and RLD were highest for the Anocolluvic Regosol and lowest for the Calcaric Regosol. The maximum root penetration depth was lower in the Anocolluvic Regosol because of a relatively high and fluctuating water table at this landscape position. Results revealed positive relations between below‐ground (root) and above‐ground crop parameters (i.e., leaf area index, plant height, biomass, and yield) for the three soil types. Observed root densities and root lengths in soils at the three landscape positions corroborated the hypothesis that the root system was reflecting erosion‐induced soil profile modifications. Soil landscape position dependent root growth should be considered when attempting to quantify landscape scale water and element balances as well as agricultural productivity. 相似文献
78.
79.
对紫色土辣椒氮、磷、钾适宜施用量研究表明,紫色土氮磷钾肥对辣椒产量的影响顺序是磷肥〉氮肥〉钾肥。磷是限制辣椒产量的主导因子。在施用菜籽饼肥600kg/hm^2,折N31.2kg/hm^2、P2O5 11.7kg/hm^2、K2O 8.1kg/hm^2的基础上,辣椒产量≥20400kg/hm^2的氮磷钾优化组合施肥范围:N=113.9~204.6kg/hm^2,P2O5=145.9~177.2kg/hm^2,K2O=49.3~153.8kg/hm^2,N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.87~1.28:0.43~0.75。建议氮、磷、钾肥适宜用量为:N159.2kg/hm^2,P2O5 161.5kg/hm^2,K2O 101.5kg/hm^2,N:P2O5:K2O=1:1.01:0.64,辣椒最高产量预测值为21961.5kg/hm^2,施肥利润5417.7元/hm^2,投产比1:5.00。适量的氮、磷、钾营养使得养分比例平衡,有利于增加辣椒收果数,提高鲜椒产量,从而增加效益。 相似文献
80.
Abstract. In Australia, stubble burning and tillage are two of the major processes responsible for the decline of soil organic carbon concentration in cropped soils, and the resulting soil degradation. However, the relative importance of these two practices in influencing the soil organic carbon concentration and the long-term impact on soil quality and productivity are not clear. The effects of stubble burning as practised by farmers in southeastern Australia were evaluated in two field trials, one of 19 years duration, the other of 5 years. Conventional tillage (three tillage passes) led to greater loss of soil organic carbon than stubble burning. Loss of total soil organic carbon attributed to stubble burning in the 0–10 cm layer was estimated to be 1.75 t C ha−1 over the period of the 19-year trial, equivalent to 29% of that lost due to tillage. In the 5-year trial, no change in soil organic carbon due to stubble burning was detectable. Changes in soil quality associated with stubble burning detected in the longer trial included a reduction in macro-aggregate stability, and increases in pH and exchangeable K+ . Only the latter two were detected in the shorter trial. A higher mean wheat yield (average 0.15 t ha−1 ) following stubble burning was observed in the 19-year trial but not in the 5-year trial. Research to monitor the longer term effects of stubble burning is needed, and to identify conditions where loss of soil organic carbon is minimized. 相似文献