CIMMYT玉米种质AC8328BNC1的耐瘠性研究

采用不完全随机区组设计,通过玉米品种和施肥水平两因素试验,对玉米生物学和经济学性状作变异度分析,对小区产量作方差分析和对单位产量作差数百分率分析,以系统鉴定CIMMYT玉米种质AC8328BNC1的耐瘠性.结果表明:①AC8328BNC1具有较强的耐低氮和低磷能力,有良好的丰产性和广泛的适应性,是一个优良的国外玉米种质资源,应加大研究和利用力度;②在低肥力土壤上,更应重视玉米科学合理施肥的重要性和追第二次肥的必要性。     

施用碱稳定固体减轻酸性土壤的酸度和铝毒

A pot experiment was catried out to study alleviation of soil acidity and Al toxicity by applying analkaline-stabilised sewage sludge product (biosolids) to an acid clay sandy loam (pH 5.7) and a strongly acidsandy loam (pH 4.5). Barley (Hondeum vulgare L. cv. Forrester) was used as a test crop and was grownin the sewage sludge-amended (33.5 t sludge DM ha^-1) and unamended soils. The results showed that thealka1ine biosloids increased soil pH from 5.7 to 6.9 for the clay sandy loam and from 4.5 to 6.0 for the sandyloam. The sludge product decreased KCl-extractable Al from 0.1 to 0.0 cmol kg^-1 for the former soil and from 4.0 to 0.1 cmol kg^-1 for the latter soil. As a result, barley plants grew much better and grain yield increased greatly in the amended treatments compared with the unamended controls. These observations indicate that alkaline-stabilised biosolids can be used as a liming material for remedying Al phytotoxicity instrongly acid soils by increasing soil pH and lowering Al bioavailability.     

宏观水土保持监测研究及其进展

宏观水土保持监测是水土保持监测两大重要分支之一 ,在水土流失严重威胁区域生态环境的中国具有重要意义。它在监测目的、对象、方法和手段等方面与微观监测都有显著区别。关于宏观水土保持监测的理论问题可以分为关于理论的研究和区域水土保持动态及其环境影响研究 ,而且都体现出其研究尺度的明显影响。目前在我国其研究和实践发展很快 ,多数研究都应用了遥感和 GIS方法 ,但基本理论研究还很缺乏。随着我国水土保持监测网络的建成和地球信息技术的进步 ,宏观水土保持监测研究的地位和作用将继续得到加强     

南通市沙土区几种水土保持工程技术措施

针对沿海平原沙土区土质沙松、土颗粒间凝聚力小 ,河堤边坡水土流失严重的现象 ,研制、开发了一系列的水土保持工程技术 ,在河堤坡岸保护中发挥了重要作用     

农业土壤环境综合评价物元模型的建立及其应用

将农业土壤的重金属污染的级别、评价指标及其特征值作为物元 ,得到模型的经典域、节域、权系数及关联度 ,进而建立了农业土壤环境综合模型 ,通过应用实例加以说明 ,并用 Hamming贴近度法、Fuzzy综合评判法、分级贴近度法进行对照 ,取得较好的效果     

电析土壤微粒悬浮液的维恩(Wien)效应及其影响因子

The electrical conductivity of suspensions and their supernatants from the electrodialyzed clay fractions of latosol, yellow-brown soil and black soil equilibrated with nitrate solutions were determined at different field strengths using a short high-voltage pulse apparatus to demonstrate the Wien effect in soil suspensions and to investigate factors affecting it. It was found that Wien effect was much stronger in suspensions with a clay content of 30 g kg-1 from the soils equilibrated with a 1 × 10-4 KNO3 solution than in their supernatants.The threshold field strength (TFS), at which the relative conductivity is equal to 1.05, i.e., the Wien effect begins to be obvious, of the yellow-brown soil suspensions (clay content of 30 g kg-1) equilibrated with different nitrate solutions of a concentration of 1 × 10-4/z mol L-1 , where z is the valence, varied with the type of nitrates, being lowest for NaNO3 (47 kV cm-1) and highest for Ca(NO3)2 (98 kV cm-1). At high field strengths (larger than 130 kV cm-1), the relative conductivities of yellow-brown soil suspensions containing different nitrates diminished in the order: NaNO3 ＞ KNO3 ＞ Mg(NO3)2 ＞ Zn(NO3)2 ＞ Ca(NO3)2. The rates and intensities of the Wien effect in the suspensions of the three soils equilibrated with 5 × 10-5 molL-1 Ca(NO3)2 solution were in the order of the yellow-brown soil ＞ the latosol ＞ the black soil. The results for the yellow-brown soil suspensions (clay concentration of 30 g kg-1) equilibrated with KNO3 solutions of various concentrations clearly demonstrated that the more dilute the solution, the lower the TFS, and the larger the relative conductivity of the suspensions at high field strengths. The results for yellow-brown soil suspensions with different clay concentrations indicated that as the clay concentration increased, the low field electrical conductivity, EC0, also increased, but the TFS decreased, and the Wien effect increased.     

黄土高原治理中的委托—代理关系及激励机制

根据委托—代理理论 ,对黄土高原治理中的参与方进行了辨析。分析了现存的委托—代理关系中存在的问题 ,设计出了新的激励与约束机制 ,使代理人能够按照委托人的意志行事     

新疆水土保持与可持续发展研究

新疆维吾尔自治区作为我国最大及地理位置重要的西北边陲省份,随着人口的增长区域开发进程的进一步加快,水土流失问题日趋严重,水土保持和可持续发展已成为其生态环境建设的重要课题。分析了新疆水土流失的现状、特点和成因以及存在的问题,从可持续发展角度提出了新疆水土保持的对策和建议。     

水土保持是北京生态屏障及绿色奥运之基础

北京以“绿色奥运、科技奥运、人文奥运”的现代理念取得了2008年奥运会主办权,赢得国际社会的广泛认同,水土保持是北京实现绿色奥运理念,走向可持续发展的重要组成部分。从北京市水土保持工作实践出发,旨在阐明通过加强水土保持工作,为北京建立良好的生态环境,以期将绿色奥运的理念落到实处。