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31.
用土壤的农业水学特性。如土壤质地、土壤容量、最低田间含水量和萎蔫下的土壤含水量对作物灌溉的规范化进行了研究。结果发现,如果考虑作物的灌溉制度,同有效贮水量决定的土层中的灌溉前含水量为一常数,即在有效植物生长期之间,土层中的灌溉前含水量的５０％,而有有效生长期则为７０％。土层有效贮水量为决定不同土壤灌溉前含水量的一个概略性指标。 相似文献
32.
33.
混合土料是由粗细土颗粒组成的土。作者对混合土料、均匀粗粒土及纯细烂土的颗粒组成与工程性质进行了对比分析。结果表明,混合土料是介于均匀粗粒土和纯细粒土之间的土,它的工程性质有别于均匀粗粒土和纯细粒土,有必要对其单独命名,这为混合土的合理定位与专门研究提供了基础。 相似文献
34.
甘肃省马莲河流域水土保持世行贷款项目实施8年,监测作为项目管理的重要手段,开展了治理进度与质量、经济效益、社会效益、生态效益和保水保土效益5大监测,取得了大量监测资料和技术成果,为提高项目管理水平,促进项目治理,发挥了重要作用,并为今后的水土保持项目带了一个好头。同时由于马莲河项目之前没有成熟、系统、各方面都适用的技术规范,项目监测是在探索中前进,从而导致项目监测尚存在技术手段落后、资料精度不高等问题,有待于进一步完善与提高。 相似文献
35.
含氯离子土壤有机质分析方法的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文探讨了用提前加Ｈ２ＳＯ４的方法来消除氯离子对测定土壤有机质的干扰。 相似文献
36.
Sigmund Hågvar Terje Amundsen Bjørn Økland 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2014,29(7):629-638
Oribatid mites (Acari) represent a considerable part of the biodiversity in Fennoscandian forests, but our knowledge about their habitat requirements is limited. We studied 10 Carabodes species in the forest floor of seven coniferous forest types, and in dead fruiting bodies (sporocarps) of 6 species of wood-living polypore fungi in southern Norway. The most common Carabodes species in soil were rare in sporocarps, and vice versa. The density of several ground-living species was significantly influenced by vegetation type and soil type. Carabodes willmanni and C. subarcticus were considered as lichen feeders on the ground, and occurred abundantly in Cladonia-rich pine forests. Three species, C. femoralis, C. areolatus and C. reticulatus, seem to be sporocarp specialists. Their relative numbers were rather similar in dead sporocarps of five different fungal species, including annual and perennial sporocarps, soft and hard. This was in contrast to beetles from the same sporocarps, which in a previous study proved to be strongly host-specific. Although being tolerant to different fungal species, the association of certain Carabodes species to dead sporocarps could make them vulnerable in forests with little dead wood and few sporocarps. 相似文献
37.
The 10th North American Forest Soils Conference was held in Sault Ste. Marie, Canada, 20–24 July 2003. These conferences, held at 5-year intervals since 1958, are intended to provide a forum to discuss and summarize the state of knowledge on selected topics related to forest soils. Approximately 60 papers were presented on a variety of topics related to understanding and managing soils that support forests with particular emphasis given to field research, soil carbon, and site management/classification. We discuss the topics of this conference in relation to earlier ones and conclude that advances are made unevenly and that there is a need for new approaches to investigating many of the topics. We note the change in forest management that has occurred since the first of these conferences and the resulting changes needed in our approach to research and management. The need for interaction of scientists and clientele groups is noted as necessary for development of sound management and research policy. The interaction of scientific disciplines is needed to attack problems that have been difficult to elucidate. The challenge to forest soil scientists is to mesh their scientific interests with the needs of society to obtain the resources needed to advance science and provide information that will improve forest management. 相似文献
38.
Catharina J.E. Schulp Gert-Jan Nabuurs Peter H. Verburg Rein W. de Waal 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008,256(3):482
Forest soil organic carbon (SOC) and forest floor carbon (FFC) stocks are highly variable. The sampling effort required to assess SOC and FFC stocks is therefore large, resulting in limited sampling and poor estimates of the size, spatial distribution, and changes in SOC and FFC stocks in many countries. Forest SOC and FFC stocks are influenced by tree species. Therefore, quantification of the effect of tree species on carbon stocks combined with spatial information on tree species distribution could improve insight into the spatial distribution of forest carbon stocks.We present a study on the effect of tree species on FFC and SOC stock for a forest in the Netherlands and evaluate how this information could be used for inventory improvement. We assessed FFC and SOC stocks in stands of beech (Fagus sylvatica), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), oak (Quercus robur) and larch (Larix kaempferi).FFC and SOC stocks differed between a number of species. FFC stocks varied between 11.1 Mg C ha−1 (beech) and 29.6 Mg C ha−1 (larch). SOC stocks varied between 53.3 Mg C ha−1 (beech) and 97.1 Mg C ha−1 (larch). At managed locations, carbon stocks were lower than at unmanaged locations. The Dutch carbon inventory currently overestimates FFC stocks. Differences in carbon stocks between conifer and broadleaf forests were significant enough to consider them relevant for the Dutch system for carbon inventory. 相似文献
39.
水泥是铅污染土固稳修复常用的固化剂,在修复重度铅污染土时效果较差。而过磷酸钙在稳定铅污染土方面具有溶出风险低、长期稳定性好和环境安全性高的优点。为了研究水泥-过磷酸钙复合材料固化后铅污染土的浸出和力学特性,采用水泥-过磷酸钙复合材料对铅污染土进行固化/稳定化处理,通过浸出试验、无侧限抗压强度试验和渗透试验对固化前后的铅污染土固化体进行浸出和力学特性变化特征对比分析,分别探讨了水泥和过磷酸钙添加量对固化土浸出和力学特性的影响规律。结果表明:水泥可显著改善铅污染土的强度和渗透特性,当水泥的添加量从5%增加到30%时,固化土的抗压强度从0.56 MPa增加到4.78 MPa;渗透系数从8.2×10-7cm/s减小到2.2×10-8cm/s。但水泥在固稳高浓度铅污染土效果较差,当水泥的添加量从5%增加到30%时,固化土的浸出浓度从56.3 mg/L减少到19.8 mg/L,固化土的浸出浓度远高于我国危险废弃物鉴别标准(GB/T 5085.3—2007)。过磷酸钙可显著降低污染土中铅的浸出特性,固化土的浸出浓度从43.5 mg/L减少到0.17mg/L;但过磷酸钙会降低固化土的力学性能。随着过磷酸钙添加量从1%增加到5%,固化土的抗压强度从1.17MPa降低到0.42 MPa;渗透系数从3.0×10-7cm/s增加到1.3×10-6cm/s。因此,在铅污染土实际工程中应根据实际的场地工况和修复目标,合理选择水泥和过磷酸钙的配比,保证修复后的铅污染土强度特性和浸出特性均满足修复标准。 相似文献
40.
土壤硒对植物生长影响研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
硒是否为植物必需的营养元素,目前尚无定论,但目前日趋增多的试验表明,硒可能是高等植物生长所必需的营养元素.本文综述了土壤和植物中的硒含量状况,土壤硒的形态及有效性,硒对植物的几种生物效应,土壤、植物中硒的测定与调节,以及目前硒的利用状况. 相似文献