硫酸盐对锌和镉在可变电荷土壤上吸附的影响

SO4^2- and Zn^2 or Cd^2 were added to three variable charge soils in different sequences.In one sequence sulfate was added first ,and in the other,Zn^2 or Cd^2 first.The addition of sulfate to the system invariably caused an increase in adsorption of the heavy metal added,with the effect more remarkable whn the soil reacted with the sulfate prior to the metal.the shift in pH50 for both Zn and Cd adsorption was aslo comparatively larger in the first sequence of reactions .It was suggested that the increase in negative charge density and the resultant negative potential of the soil were the primary cause of the pronounced effect of sulfate on adsorption of Zn or Cd,and the formaiton of the ternary surface complex-S-SO4-M might also play a role in the effect.     

我国主要类型土壤的有效态硒及其与某些土壤性质的关系

Forty-eight soil profiles were sampled from different ecological and pedogeochemical areas of China and their available selenium (Av-Se) contents were determined. Results showed that the content of Av-Se in the profiles of soils in China ranged within 2.49~18.10 μg kg^-1, with a mean value of 10.01 μg kg^-1, and was in the sequence of Ferralisols > Luvisols > Isohumisols > Aridisols. The correlation analysis between Av-Se and the soil physical-chemical properties revealed that the correlations between Av-Se and O.M., CEC, Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, ignition loss, Co and Zn were positive at a highly significant level, but those between Av-Se and pH, base saturation, CaO, Ba and Sr were all negative at a highly significant level. The reason of some diseases related to the Se deficiency might be the leaching loss of selenium in some soils.     

红壤资源信息系统及其初步应用

Red soil is a very important soil resource in southern China. However, due to being simultaneously of high productive potentialities and severely degraded, it needs harnessing urgently. Red Soil Resource Information System (RSRIS) based on remote sensing and geographic information system (GIST plays an important role in survey, evaluation, utilization and management of red soil resource. RSRIS of Cauzhou City, Zhejiang Province (1:250000) and RSRIS of Longyou County, Zhejiang Province (1:50000) have been made respectively on SUN SPARC station and using ARC/INFO. This paper introduces the system design, database creation and system functions, and it particularly focuses on developing applied models, such as red soil resource division and mapping, suitability evaluation, erosion risk evaluation, plant utilization zone etc. The problems on study of RSRIS and its developing strategy are also discussed.     

第四纪红色粘土发育的红壤中营养元素的淋失

A red soil derived from Quaternary red clay was employed to study nutrient leaching with soil columns repacked in laboratory. The objective was to identify the effects of fertilization practices on leaching patterns and magnitudes of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, and NO₃^-. The treatments were CK (as a control), CaCO₃, CaSO₄, MgCO₃, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂, urea, KCl, and multiple (a mixture of the above-mentioned fertilizers). The fertilizers were added to the bare surface of the soil columns, and then the columns were leached with 120 mL deionized water daily through peristaltic pumps over a period of 92 days. Leaching processes of NH₄⁺, and NO₃^- were only measured in CK, urea, and multiple treatments which were directly related to N leaching. Results showed that sole application of CaSO₄, and Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ scarcely had any effect on the leaching losses of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and K⁺; the application of MgCO₃ stimulated the leaching of Mg²⁺; the application of CaCO₃ promoted the leaching of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and K⁺; urea treatment also promoted the leaching of K⁺ and NH₄⁺, and NO₃^- leaching mainly occurred at late stage of leaching process in particular; under KCl treatment, leaching of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and K⁺ was promoted to a large extent; under multiple treatment, leaching of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, and NO₃^- was all increased and NO₃^- was mainly leached at the end of leaching process and still had a trend of increase.     

加快治理水土流失改善生态环境

在分析内蒙古水土流失及治理情况的基础上,提出加快治理水土流失,改善全区生态环境的措施。     

广西合浦县水土保持监督执法实践

广西壮族自治区合浦县水土保持监督执法经过一年多的艰苦探索,取得了一系列成果,被评为全国第二批试点先进单位。通过对该县水土保持监督执法工作做法、成效和经验的阐述,指出存在不足之处及今后努力方向。     

城市建设水土流失的防治探讨

城市水土流失的产生主要是因为人类不合理利用、开发水土资源所造成,城市水土流失的主要特点是干扰城市水系、严重影响下游水土保持、治理难、投资大等;同时对城市的生态环境、人民生活、城市投资环境有严重的影响。城市水土流失的预防应抓好监督执法,实行统管分治,使城市化进程与水土保持工作同步发展。     

非饱和土壤优先流运动特性的染色示踪研究

由于日益增长的环境问题,作为节水灌溉的基础——土壤中优先流的运动特性越来越受到关注。利用亮蓝对初始含水量不同的2组土壤中的非均匀流动进行了示踪研究。通过染色示踪试验采集土壤表平面的溶质迁移动态图像,结合图像分析讨论2种不同初始含水量土壤表平面溶质运移的变异过程。结果表明:2种初始含水量土壤中土样表面的溶质运移分布都不均匀;不同初始含水量土壤中土样表面溶质运移的动态过程不同;随着入渗时间与入渗水量的增大,2种初始含水量土壤中土样表面的分维数呈现非线性增长,染色剂的分布面积非线性扩大,但扩大程度非线性减小。     

种植松口蘑richoloma matsutake的土壤的生态学特性

A 5－year study on the soil ecological environment of matsutake(Tricholoma Matsutake)growing areas near Changbai Mountains showed that several factors,such as climate,parent material,organism and landform,which form the soil ecosystem provided sutable ecological environment for the formation and growth of matsutake How to improve the construction and function of the soil ecosystem in order to utilize the natural resource continumously was also studied.     

森林覆盖与生态环境

森林与人类生存息息相关。发展林业,是我国的一项基本国策。发达的林业是国家富强、民族繁荣、社会文明进步的重要标志之一,是发展国民经济、保障农业生产、防止自然灾害、美化环境。增进人们健康,功在千秋的一件大事。