寿光市土壤养分特性及空间变异性分析

本研究以寿光市为例,在分析其露天耕地土壤养分特征值的基础上,采用GIS和地统计分析相结合的方法研究了土壤养分的空间变异性.研究结果表明:①土壤特性除pH值为弱变异性外,其他均为中等变异;②土壤有机质、Ca、Mg含量较高,N、P、K有一定程度的缺乏;有效态微量元素的含量不均衡,Zn普遍缺乏,Fe含量不高;③NH4+-N、T-N、Cu、Ca、Mg的变异性结构较差,其他土壤养分变异结构明显.Zn在整个区域内表现为恒定的变异.P、K、pH、Mn、B空间变异主要是由土壤母质、地形、气候等非人为的区域因素引起.OM、Fe在研究区域上具有中等空间相关性,其由施肥、作物、管理水平等随机因素引起的空间变异性较小.     

我国西部退化土壤生态重建的特点与土壤培肥

我国西部地区所属的川、渝、黔、滇、藏、陕、甘、青、宁、新、蒙、桂 12省 (市、区 )是我国重要的农产品生产基地和建设长江上游、黄河上游生态屏障的主要区域。培肥退化土壤是目前西部地区实施退化土壤生态重建中的重点 ,具体措施为 :应用秸秆直接还田技术 ,提高土壤有机肥施用量 ;有机肥和无机肥搭配使用 ,提高优化配方施肥技术水平 ;大力推广新型农用物资 ,减轻其对土壤的污染 ;搞好实用农业新技术的组装 ,增强土壤生产能力     

A Comparative Study on the Carcass and Meat Quality Traits of Jiangquan Black Pig and DLY Pig

To further understand the germplasm characteristics of Jiangquan Black pig,100 kg Jiangquan Black pigs (10 barrows, 10 sows) and 10 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire (DLY) pigs under the same conditions were randomly selected to analyse the slaughter performance and meat quality according to related rules. After slaughtered,the carcass index (carcass weight, loin muscle area, carcass length and backfat thickness etc), meat quality physical indicators (pH, meat color, marbling, drip loss etc), gerneral chemical index (the contents of crude protein, intramuscular fat, moisture and ash etc) and the proportion of amino acids in Jiangquan Black pig were analyzed. The results showed that, Jiangquan Black pig carcass lean meat rate was relatively low, the loin muscle area was reduced by about 30% (P<0.05) compared with DLY pig, while the backfat thickness was higher than that of DLY pig (P<0.05). The meat color, marbling, drip loss, cooking loss, water loss rate index and intramuscular fat content of Jiangquan Black pig were significantly better than that of DLY pigs (P<0.05), the rate of water loss and drip loss and cooking loss were decreased by 4.0%, 3.1% and 2.7%, intramuscular fat content increased by 150.0%. Therefore, The lean yield of Jiangquan Black pig was less than DLY pig, but water retention property, intramuscular fat content, meat color, marbling, meat quality indexes were significantly better than that of DLY pig. In conclusion, Jiangquan Black pig could provide good quality pork for consumers.     

太行山前平原高产农区土壤水分特征及农田节水潜力

根据连续4年对非耕地和田间土壤水分的测定,分析了太行山前平原高产农区土壤水分的变化规律,并根据该区主要作物冬小麦和夏玉米的需水规律,提出了农田节水潜力的两个方面。     

中国橡胶林的水土保持效应

本文就我国橡胶林的水土流失现状、特点以及水土保持措施等方面的研究进行了综述,并对今后的科研发展方向作了探讨。     

间作作物及其还田时间对土壤碳素状况和相关酶活性的影响

Catch crops that are cultivated for green manure play an important role in improving soil properties. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of catch crop(pea, Pisum sativum L.) management, i.e., incorporation of catch crop in October/November(autumn) and March(spring), and without catch crop(control), on soil organic carbon(SOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and the activities of carbon(C)-cycle enzymes, including cellulase(Cel), β-glucosidase(Glu) and invertase(Inv). Additionally, soil total nitrogen(TN) and p HKClwere investigated. The catch crop was cultivated from August to October each year during 2008–2010. Soil samples were collected from the field of spring barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) that had been grown after the catch crop. Soil samples for microbial activity determination were taken in March, May, June and August in 2009, 2010 and2011, while SOC and TN contents as well as p HKClwere determined in March and August. The chemical properties studied did not show significant changes as influenced by the experimental factors. The use of catch crop significantly increased the MBC content and the activities of C-cycle enzymes compared to the control. When the catch crop was incorporated in spring, a significantly higher MBC content was noted in March and May compared to autumn incorporation. Moreover, the spring incorporation of the catch crop significantly increased the Glu activity(except March), while the activities of Cel and Inv as well as the rate of soil basal respiration were usually unaffected by the time of catch crop incorporation. Greater microbial biomass and higher enzyme activities in the catch crop-treated soil, compared to the control, indicated that the application of the catch crop as a green manure could be recommended as a promising technique to increase the biological activity of the soil. Since there was no significant effect or no consistent results were obtained related to the time of catch crop incorporation, both spring and autumn applications can be recommended as a management tool to improve the status of soil properties during the growth of a subsequent crop.     

甘肃内陆河流域水土保持综合治理效益分析

运用水土保持综合治理效益计算方法（GB/T15774—2008）确定了甘肃内陆河流域水土保持综合治理效益,系统分析了研究区各项措施的调水保土效益、经济效益和社会效益。结果表明:内陆河流域各措施累计调水30.40亿m³,各措施累计保土2.69亿t,调水保土主要来自于坡面措施减蚀效益;内陆河流域梯田、水保林、经济林、人工种草经济效益分别为1.25亿元,195.16亿元,4.35亿元,14.57亿元,合计215.32亿元。通过水土保持措施的布设,治理程度的提高,甘肃省内陆河流域受旱灾程度有了一定的控制,全省年均受灾面积、作物减产面积均呈逐渐减小趋势,并且改善了农村产业结构。     

聊城市不同土地利用方式对土壤肥力影响的研究

本文利用聊城市2007年和2008年的土壤样本测试数据进行单因素方差分析和均值多重比较,初步研究了不同土地利用方式对土壤肥力的影响,结果表明：（1）土地利用方式对土壤养分有显著或极显著的影响,其影响程度由大到小依次为全氮>有机质>全磷,而对土壤pH值的影响并不显著。（2）土壤有机质和全氮在不同土地利用方式之间存在着显著性差异,其含量由高到低的顺序是：农耕地﹥林地﹥荒地﹥农林（果）间作地。（3）土壤全磷含量受土地利用方式的影响相对较小,相对而言,林地中的土壤全磷含量最高,农耕地和荒地次之,农林（果）间作地的土壤全磷含量最低。（4）土壤pH值在不同土地利用方式下的变化不显著,基本都呈碱性或弱碱性,其中以农耕地的碱性最大。     

不同秸秆移除条件下冻融对农田土壤风蚀可蚀性的影响

为研究实际生产中不同秸秆移除率条件下冻融作用对土壤风蚀指标的影响,2011—2013年在美国堪萨斯州3个县设置3个不同秸秆移除率:0,50%,100%,对春秋季节土壤侵蚀比（EF）、平均几何直径（GMD）、地表随机粗糙度（RR）进行了统计分析。结果表明:（1）在冻融作用下,秸秆留茬能够有效减轻土壤风蚀,随着秸秆移除率的增大,土壤EF值增大,GMD值、RR值减小;（2）经过2011—2012年的冻融作用,2012年春季Norcatur、Colby、Scott City三地秸秆100%移除组的EF值增幅分别为149%,185%,16%,50%移除组的EF值增幅分别为40%,152%,-28%,0移除组的EF值增幅分别为29%,47%,9%;（3）休耕对于增强土壤抗风蚀能力有一定积极作用。研究成果为我国易发生土壤风蚀季节性冻融地区的适宜秸秆移除率的研究提供参考。     

紫色土抗剪强度差异分析及土坎优化设计

选择钙质紫色土和中性紫色土为工程试样,通过室内多级三轴剪切试验测定了含水率和干密度交互作用对土坎稳定性重要指标——土壤抗剪强度指标的影响,确定了紫色土土坎坎高及外边坡稳定角的取值,以优化土坎设计.结果表明:干密度和含水率交互作用对土壤粘聚力的影响下,钙质紫色土和中性紫色土土坎土质的最优含水率分别为11%,8%,最优干密度分别为1.7,1.68g/cm3;在紫色土最优干密度和含水率下,考虑占地和稳定性因素,钙质紫色土土坎高度不宜超过2.0m,其外边坡坡度角可设计为80°;中性紫色土土坎高度不宜超过1.5m,其外边坡坡度角可设计为60°.本文旨在为紫色土区国土整治土坎修筑工程提供理论指导.