土壤线虫培养方法研究

土壤线虫作为模式生物的一种,已广泛应用于土壤生物群落和土壤污染的指示研究,但有关土壤线虫的培养方法鲜有报道.在实验室条件下,利用3种培养基(生菜蛋黄培养基、葡萄糖酵母菌培养基及土壤浸出液)、5个温度梯度(15、20、25、30、35℃)对土壤线虫进行培养.结果显示,与土壤培养液和葡萄糖酵母菌培养基相比,土壤线虫更适宜在生菜蛋黄(lettuce eggs,LE)培养基中生长;在15～35℃的温度范围内,最佳的培养温度为25℃.     

土壤中砷前处理方法研究

研究了原子荧光法测定土壤中的砷,指出了对测定土壤中砷前处理研究要找到合适的前处理方法,使得前处理方法和土壤标准样品值要求相匹配。     

蚯蚓养殖对幼龄胶园土壤养分及橡胶树根系生长的影响

本研究旨在探讨林下蚯蚓养殖对幼龄胶园土壤养分及橡胶树根系生长的影响。以牛粪作为原料,于 2017年4—11 月在 4 年生幼龄胶园铺设粪垄养殖蚯蚓,并测定土壤养分和根系生长情况。结果表明,与对照（CK）相比,铺设粪垄无蚯蚓养殖（WQ）和铺设粪垄蚯蚓养殖（Q）处理总体上可显著提高土壤硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾和土壤水分含量以及土壤 pH,而对土壤铵态氮、有机质、微生物活性及微生物群系数量无显著影响（p<0.05）;和 CK 相比,WQ和 Q 处理显著促进根的生长,并提高吸收根的比例（p<0.05）。综上所述,在幼龄胶园养殖蚯蚓短期内（半年）可提高土壤速效养分含量,促进根系生长。     

菲律宾以稻为基础的种植制度生态学评价 Ⅰ.各类种植方式的养分平衡

在菲律宾的雨养旱地、雨养低地和灌溉田种植制度研究基点上,分别对各种农民和拟推广的实验种植方式,进行了生物量及其组成、作物分器官的 C、N、P、K 含量与分布比率、作物残茬燃烧后 C、N、P、K 损失测定。从添加与取走两个方面,分三种添加与取走情况,计算了土壤N、P、K 的部分养分平衡与有机质平衡。结果显示:在当地施肥水平下,即使归还全部残茬,很难维持 N、P、K 的养分平衡,但能较好满足土壤有机质平衡。为维持土壤有机质的年平衡,雨养低地和雨养旱地需分别归还1400和1900公斤生物物质/公顷.年。并对当地维持养分平衡的途径作了分析与探讨。     

非饱和土壤一维水分入渗与再分布的解析解法

Soil infiltration and redistribution are important processes in field water cycle, and it is necessary to develop a simple model to describe the processes. In this study, an algebraic solution for one-dimensional water infiltration and redistribution without evaporation in unsaturated soil was developed based on Richards equation. The algebraic solution had three parameters, namely, the saturated water conductivity, the comprehensive shape coefflcient of the soil water content distribution, and the soil suction allocation coefficient. To analyze the physical features of these parameters, a relationship between the Green-Ampt model and the algebraic solution was established. The three parameters were estimated based on experimental observations, whereas the soil water content and the water infiltration duration were calculated using the algebraic solution. The calculated soil water content and infiltration duration were compared with the experimental observations, and the results indicated that the algebraic solution accurately described the unsaturated soil water flow processes.     

苹果果树渗灌试验研究

1989到1991年对10年生国光和金帅苹果品种的果树进行的渗灌试验结果如下:1,能节水并可防涝;2,可增加土壤孔隙度,提高土壤养分含量;3,增加吸收根数量,促进树体的生长发育。座果率和单株(或单位面积)产量均比漫灌(对照)区高;4,到1991年,果品质量有了明显的改善;5,多孔陶土管成本低;6,田间管理方便。     

Soil Redistribution investigations by combined use of soil 137Cs and selected chemical properties

Abstract

To improve the methods of application of phosphorus or supply of soil P to Azolla (A. microphylld), basal application, split application, inoculation of P-enriched Azolla, and soil disturbance were compared. Soil disturbance did not increase the floodwater P content. Phosphorus was applied to inoculum production plots to enrich Azolla with P. Thus, phosphorus-enriched Azolla could multiply 5–7 times after inoculation until it became P deficient. Trials on the methods of enrichment of Azolla with P showed that the best method was to broadcast twice 4.33 kg P (10 kg P₂O₅/ha) at 2-day intervals and to harvest Azolla 3 days after P application. Addition of P once or twice 2 weeks after the inoculation of P-enriched Azolla further increased the biomass production. Efficiency of P application was analyzed in terms of N gain in relation to the amount of P applied. This ratio in the P-enriched Azolla treatment was higher than the economically sound ratio -5-, and higher than or equal to that in the standard split application.     

皇后黑李优良单株——隆丰1号黑李的选育

对皇后黑李、隆丰1号黑李的生物学特征和植物学特性进行观察记载;开展皇后黑李优良单株的选育,选出优良单株——隆丰1号黑李。