野生大豆对盐碱土离子浓度的影响

以盐碱土和盆栽野生大豆为研究对象,测定土壤中N、Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、HCO3-、SO42-、CO32-和野生大豆根、茎叶、种子的氮含量,研究野生大豆对盐碱土的影响。结果表明：野生大豆能够提高盐碱土的氮含量。在花期和收获期土壤氮含量比原盐碱土分别提高了98和113%。野生大豆能够有效降低盐碱土的各种水溶性盐离子的含量和总量。在收获期土壤Na+、Cl-、HCO3-和SO42-含量比原盐碱土分别降低了94.9、85.3、47.6和95.5%;土壤可溶性盐离子总量比原盐碱土降低了90.5%。野生大豆对于盆栽盐碱土有改良作用。在收获期,野生大豆地上部分生物量很大,且在各个生长期的盐度下都能很好生长,具有绿化盐碱地的作用。     

风沙土水分入渗与再分布过程中湿润锋运移试验研究

利用室内模拟试验系统,对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地风沙土在滴灌条件下的水分入渗与水分再分布过程中湿润锋的运动规律进行了模拟试验研究。根据模拟试验描述了风沙土在滴灌条件下水分入渗与再分布情况下湿润体的形状变化,研究了在水平方向上与垂直方向上风沙土的湿润锋推进规律及运动特征,揭示了随着累计入渗量的增加,湿润锋推进过程在入渗初期速率较大,逐渐成减小趋势,并最终达到稳定入渗状态;在土壤水分再分布过程中土壤湿润锋面不断向外部推移,最后达到相对稳定;对风沙土水分入渗及再分布过程中其湿润锋的推进距离与时间做了函数关系拟合,其中乘幂函数关系式拟合最好。     

根－土界面区域磷酸盐的分布和移动: Ⅱ. 土壤水分含量和磷酸盐施用量的影响

The phosphate in the soil-root interface zone under various soil water contents and application rates of phosphate was still of depletion distribution which could be described by a power function in the form of C/Co= ax^b(C/Co is the relative content of fertilized phosphate in a distance from the root surface x, a and b are the regression constants). The depletion rate of phosphate in soil near the root surface was higher and the depletion range was narrower under lower soil moisture. On the contrary, at higher soil water content the depletion range was wider, generally. The application rate of phosphate led to the greater depletion intensity of phosphorus was higher in the heavier texture soils. In general, the depletion intensity in the soils, which decreased with increasing clay content or increasing buffering power of soil, decreased in the order as loessal soil and black lou soil > lou soil > yellow cinnamon soil when 50 or 100 mg of phosphorus were applied in the form of KH₂PO₄. This result indicated that the phosphate distribution and its movement in the soil-root interface zone closely related with the buffering capacity of soil.     

离子强度和三氧化物对土壤吸附Bt毒素的影响

Chemical reactions and fate of the toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) in the soil environment are causing increasing concerns due to the large-scale cultivation of transgenic Bt plants.In this study,the effect of ionic strength(0-1 000 mmol kg 1) adjusted by NaCl or CaCl 2 on adsorption of Bt toxin by a lateritic red soil,a paddy soil and these soils after chemical removal of organic-bound or free Fe and Al oxides,as well as by pure minerals(goethite,hematite and gibbsite) which are widespread in these soils,were studied.The results indicated that when the supporting electrolyte was NaCl,the adsorption of Bt toxin by the lateritic red soil and paddy soil increased rapidly until the ionic strength reached 250 mmol kg 1 and then gradually slowed down with the increase of ionic strength;while in case the supporting electrolyte was CaCl 2,the adsorption of Bt toxin enhanced significantly at low ionic strength(< 10 mmol kg 1) and then decreased as the ionic strength increased.The adsorption of Bt toxin by the tested minerals and soils after the removal of organic-bound or free Fe and Al oxides also increased with increasing ionic strength controlled by NaCl.Removing organic-bound Fe and Al oxides obviously increased the adsorption of Bt toxin in the tested soils.Differently,removing free Fe and Al oxides increased the Bt adsorption by the paddy soil,but decreased the adsorption by the lateritic red soil.The study indicated that the varieties of ionic strength and the presence of Fe and Al oxides affected the adsorption of Bt toxin by the soils,which would contribute to the further understanding of the fate of Bt toxin in the soil environment and provide references for the ecological risk assessment of transgenic Bt plants.     

滨海火电厂工程水土流失的特点与防治措施——以福建大唐宁德火电厂一期工程为例

 滨海地区受台风影响,降雨有其特殊性。滨海火电厂的建设,涉及山体开挖,滩涂围填,陆域海域防洪,交通运输,循环水和淡水供(排)水管(沟)布设,灰渣场、施工区、取土弃土场选址以及移民安置等诸方面问题,地形复杂,工程量大,建设期及生产运行期都极易造成严重的水土流失。以福建大唐宁德火电厂一期工程为例,分析其水土流失的特点,并提出切实可行的防治措施。     

高锰酸钾氧化修复污染土壤中菲和芘的研究

利用人工污染土壤,研究了高锰酸钾对4种不同土壤中菲和芘的氧化修复效果。结果表明,当高锰酸钾浓度为33.33mmol·L^-1时,土壤中菲和芘的氧化去除率达到最大。高锰酸钾氧化去除率不仅与高锰酸钾浓度有关,还与土壤性质和老化时间有关。土壤有机质含量的增加会降低高锰酸钾对土壤中菲和芘的氧化去除率;随着老化时间的增加,高锰酸钾的氧化去除率逐渐降低。老化40d后,4种土壤中菲和芘的氧化去除率显著降低,菲的氧化去除率在14%～67%之间,芘的氧化去除率在61%～84%之间。高锰酸钾氧化前后,4种土壤中有机质含量下降范围为0.77%～9.21%。从土壤有机质含量来看,高锰酸钾氧化修复多环芳烃污染土壤对土壤质量影响较小,具有较好的应用前景。     

基于WebGIS的农田土壤推荐施肥信息系统的初步设计与应用

为了满足提高农业经济效益和生态效益的要求,研究开发了基于WebGIS的农田土壤推荐施肥信息系统.该系统将因特网和GIS技术相结合,应用于农田土壤推荐施肥服务,具有很强的数据采集、施肥信息查询、专题分析、施肥决策、后期预测等功能;人机界面十分友好,可视化程度高,操作简便;通用性好,适用于不同地区的农田土壤推荐施肥服务.