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261.
试验研究了温度和土壤水分交互效应对兰箭2号箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa ‘lanjian No.2’)幼苗生长的影响,确定了其苗期适宜生长温度和需水状况。设定5个土壤含水量(90% FMC、80% FMC、70% FMC、60% FMC、50% FMC,FMC为田间最大持水量),4个生长温度(10、15、20、25 ℃),共20个处理。结果表明,箭筈豌豆在苗期受温度和水分影响作用显著, 80% FMC和90% FMC水分条件均不利于箭筈豌豆幼苗生长,与70% FMC相比,80% FMC和90% FMC时,在10、15、20和25 ℃条件下,箭筈豌豆出苗率和总生物量干质量均显著下降(P0.05)。70% FMC水分条件和20 ℃时箭筈豌豆幼苗生长发育最好,其出苗率最高(96.87%),总生物量干质量最大(3.083 3 g),与其他各处理间差异显著(P0.05)。因此,幼苗出土后,土壤含水量保持在50% FMC~70% FMC,外界环境温度控制在15~20 ℃,对箭筈豌豆幼苗生长最有利。 相似文献
262.
Paloma Hueso‐Gonzlez Juan Francisco Martínez‐Murillo Jose Damin Ruiz‐Sinoga 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2014,25(6):604-612
Restoring the native vegetation is one of the most effective ways to control soil degradation in Mediterranean areas, especially in very degraded areas. In the initial months after afforestation, vegetation cover establishment and soil quality could be better sustained if the soil was amended with an external extra source of organic matter. The goal of this study was to test the effect of various organic amendments on select soil properties [soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, and electrical conductivity (EC)] over a 24‐month period. Four amendments were applied in an experimental set of plots: straw mulching (SM), mulch with chipped branches of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis L.; PM), sheep manure compost (SH), and sewage sludge (RU). Plots were afforested following the same spatial pattern, and amendments were mixed with the soil at the rate 10 Mg ha−1. Organic amendments helped maintain SOC over the initial 6 months after the afforestation. However, only the SM and PM treatments had increased SOC values after 24 months. Decreases in EC were found after the addition of SM, PM, and SH amendments. However, RU increased EC values 24 months after the afforestation. Variations in pH values were not sufficient to establish differences among the various treatments. Furthermore, the results show that forest soils with or without organic amendments responded similarly to the seasonal changes in Mediterranean conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
263.
《农业科学学报》2023,22(8):2521-2535
The addition of silicon (Si) and organic fertilizers to soil conditioners can inhibit the transfer of heavy metal ions from soil to crops. However, it is not clear how Si and organic fertilizers affect soil properties and the micro-ecological environment and thereby reduce cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice. In this study, the effects of L-type soil conditioners containing Si and organic fertilizers on bacterial and fungal community diversity, soil pH, organic matter, and available Si were analyzed with field experiments at two sites in Liuzhou City and Hezhou City, respectively, in Guangxi, China. With the increase of Si and organic fertilizer content in soil conditioner, rice yield respectively increased by 16.8–25.8 and 6.8–13.1%, and rice Cd content decreased significantly by 8.2–21.1 and 10.8–40.6%, respectively, at the two experimental sites. Soil microbiome analysis showed that the increase in abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota bacteria associated with Cd adsorption and sequestration, and Basidiomycota fungal populations associated with degradation of macromolecules favored the inhibition of soil Cd activity (soil exchangeable Cd decreased by 14.4–14.8 and 18.1–20.6%). This was associated with an increase in organic matter and Si content caused by applying soil conditioners. In conclusion, L-type soil conditioners, rich in Si and organic fertilizer, can reduce soil Cd bioavailability by regulating the dominant Cd passivating flora in the soil and ultimately reduce Cd accumulation in rice. 相似文献
264.
265.
黄麻土工布控制红壤坡面侵蚀的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用长期室外径流观测和人工模拟降雨的方法,在第四纪红色粘土母质发育的红壤上进行黄麻土工布保持水土的研究,结果表明:黄麻土工布具有很好的水土保持效果,能推迟初始产流时间,减少径流,防止沟蚀产生,与裸地相比,保水效益高达75%,保土效益达99%。黄麻土工布覆盖并结合营造植物,可更提高水土保持的持续效果。 相似文献
266.
陕西礼泉苹果林地和麦地土壤含水量研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据对陕西礼泉县城郊苹果林和小麦地含水量的测定,研究了不同土地利用方式下土壤含水量的差异。结果表明,礼泉10龄和10龄以上苹果林地土层含水量较低,2m以下土层含水量一般低于12%,发育了长期性轻度土壤干层;麦地平均含水量普遍较高,没有土壤干层发育,但春季2m以上的土层含水量较低,有季节性干层发育。苹果树的种植造成了土层含水量明显降低,表明研究地区的降水量对苹果林的生长有一定的制约,可通过减少果树种植密度、增大行间距、适度溉频等途径减少苹果林地土壤干层可能带来的不利影响。在降水少的情况下需要及时对麦地采取灌溉措施,减少季节性干层造成的损失。 相似文献
267.
通过等温吸附试验,研究外源硅对两种不同pH水田土壤铅吸附热力学特征的影响。试验中采用硝酸中和硅酸钠的碱性,以硝酸钠补齐各处理间钠离子和硝酸根离子的差异,消除了因加入硅酸盐改变体系pH及伴随离子对土壤吸附铅可能产生的影响。结果表明:在本试验中,Freundlich方程能较好地描述3种温度下两种土壤对铅的吸附特征;加硅促进了酸性土壤对铅的吸附,抑制了碱性土壤对铅的吸附;根据热力学函数关系计算的△G〈0、△H〉0、△S〉0,说明两土壤对铅的吸附是吸热、熵增的物理过程为主;加硅后,酸性土壤△G变小、△H变大、△S变大,碱性土壤△G变大、△H变小、△S变小,说明加硅使酸性土壤吸附铅的自发性提高、碱性土壤吸附铅的自发性降低。 相似文献
268.
Pedogenetic soil horizons are one of the fundamental building blocks of modern soil classification; however, in soils of urban areas which are often strongly disturbed by human activities, horizons are difficult to distinguish but substitutive morphological layers may be identified. To identify the characteristic soil layers in an urban environment, 224 soil layers of 36 in-situ pedons were examined and described in urban and suburban Nanjing, and 27 variables were extracted for multivariate analysis. Three groups and six subdivisions were identified by TwoStep cluster analysis combined with hierarchical cluster analysis based on factor scores. Soil forming factors and soil forming processes could be interpreted from the principal component analysis (PCA) of variables, cluster analysis of soil layers, and discriminant analysis of soil layer groups and their subdivisions. Parent materials, moisture regimes, organic matter accumulation, and especially nutrient accumulation were the main causes of characteristic soil layer formations. The numerical approaches used in this study were useful tools for characteristic soil layer identification of urban soils. 相似文献
269.
大宝山矿污染弃耕农田不同恢复植被下土壤动物群落结构及多样性 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
为了筛选重金属超富集植物提供土壤生态的科学依据,选取大宝山矿坝心区重金属污染弃耕农田上5种自然修复植物和1种人工栽培植物,采用干漏斗法(Tullgren法)进行6种植物根系下土壤动物群落结构及多样性调查与研究,共分离鉴定168只动物,分属2门7纲12目和4种幼体。结果表明,土壤强酸性和多金属(Cu、Cd、Zn)重度污染是导致弃耕农田动物群落结构简单,动物数量较少的主要原因,不同植被生长对根系下土壤动物的群落结构有一定影响,表现为乌毛蕨、类芦、小白菜、铺地黍4种植物根系下,土壤动物群落结构相对复杂,多样性指数较高,芦苇和斑茅的根系下土壤动物结构简单,多样性指数较低,无植物的裸露地下土壤动物结构最简单;不同植被的根系下土壤动物的群落结构有差别,表现为常见类群和稀有类群差别较大。 相似文献
270.