县级测土配方施肥指标体系建立研究—以江苏省江都市水稻为例

以江苏省江都市水稻为例,基于地力差减法预测氮肥用量、 养分丰缺指标法预测磷钾肥用量,构建县域测土配方施肥指标体系,研究分析20052011年测土配方施肥田间试验示范。结果表明,当种植水稻预测目标产量为6825~9270 kg/hm2（平均为8145 kg/hm2）,氮肥推荐用量为146.42~57.4 kg/hm2（平均为207.5~ kg/hm2）。磷钾肥施用标准: 当有效磷含量高于21 mg/kg,不推荐施用磷肥;当有效磷含量在17~21 mg/kg时,推荐施磷（P2O5）量为40.5 kg/hm2;当有效磷含量在10~17 mg/kg时,推荐施磷（P2O5）量为 48 kg/hm2;当有效磷含量低于10 mg/kg 时,推荐施磷（P2O5）量为64.5 kg/hm2。当速效钾含量高于140 mg/kg,不推荐施用钾肥;当速效钾含量在115~140 mg/kg时,推荐施钾（K2O）量为 22.5 kg/hm2;当速效钾含量在60~115 mg/kg时,推荐施钾（K2O）量为40.5 kg/hm2;当速效钾含量低于60 mg/kg 时,推荐施钾（K2O）量为 82.5 kg/hm2。同时对施肥指标体系建立进行校验分析,结果表明基于试验建立施肥指标体系是可行的,从而为构建县域测土配方施肥指标体系提供了方法,达到因土施肥的目的。     

论幼林的抚育管护

介绍幼林抚育管理的重要性,从松土除草、水肥管理、林木抚育、幼林补植与保护等方面总结其措施,以期提高造林成活率。     

氮磷钾与有机肥配施对番茄产量品质及土壤酶活性的影响

以‘辽园多丽’番茄为试材,在长期定位施肥条件下研究氮磷钾与有机肥配施对产量、品质及土壤酶活性的影响。研究结果表明：氮磷钾肥配施有机肥能够提高番茄维生素C、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量并且提高番茄产量;钾肥对番茄维生素C和可溶性固形物含量影响显著,磷肥对提高可溶性糖含量起着关键作用,番茄产量受氮肥影响最为显著。氮磷钾肥配施有机肥,能够提高土壤酶活性,配施氮肥能显著提高过氧化氢酶活性;磷肥对提高转化酶、蛋白酶活性具有关键作用。番茄产量、品质与土壤酶活性具有一定的正相关,土壤转化酶对番茄品质影响最多。     

水土保持综合效益及投入政策的调查研究

该本通过典型调查,系统分析了经过治理的小流域所取得的生态、经济、社会效益和水土保持投入的有效政策。指出;小流域综合治理是山丘区实现生态系统平衡和群众脱贫致富的根本途径。切实可行的投入政策有利于调动群众的积极性和水土保持综合效益的充分发挥。     

赣南水土保持型果业发展模式探讨

针对江西赣南果业开发中普遍存在的严重水土流失、土地利用率低下、短期效益少等问题,采取以间、套种草、饲、经济作物为主要手段的水土保持措施,栽种“百喜草”,设置“山边沟”,引入美国籽粒苋发展养殖业,开展立体经营,形成果-苋-猪-沼-果良性循环。实现了果园综合效益的同步增长,达到了增加果园植被覆盖度,提高土地利用率,改善果园生态环境的目的。研究表明:果业开发中出现的严重水土流失现象不容忽视,因地制宜的水土流失治理措施与果园生态环境、经济效益密切相关。其综合经营的多种治理模式促进了各业的发展,取得了明显的生态、经     

Impact of organic residues and mineral fertilizer application on soil–crop system: II soil attributes

The effects of crop residues alone (Cr⁺) or combined with inorganic fertilizer (FCr⁺) sewage sludge (SS) and humentos (H) on soil properties were studied in a five-season wheat–guar rotation. Incorporation of Cr⁺ and SS significantly decreased pH by 5–9%. Highest organic carbon (OC) was observed in SS plots, whereas Cr⁺ resulted in values threefold that of the control. The added effect of Cr⁺ (46%) combined with fertilizer on total nitrogen (TN) was greater than Cr⁺ by 28%. The fraction of total residue N mineralized was 71%, whereas net N mineralized in Cr⁺, SS, H and FCr⁺ plots at 0–20 and 20–40 cm depths were 39.8, 52.3, 11.4, 66.7 mg kg^?1 and 21.2, 27.9, 8.2, 41.2 mg kg^?1, respectively. Integrated application of Cr⁺ with fertilizer had a synergistic effect on P content (3.49–3.69 units), but soil levels has never exceeded 13 mg P kg ^?1. Sole Cr⁺ significantly increased topsoil cation-exchange capacity (CEC) compared with the control treatment (9.39–21.59%). Application of SS, FCr⁺ and Cr⁺ significantly increased water-holding capacity and decreased bulk density by 9–15% and 8–9%, respectively, suggesting that such practice can restore the productivity of degraded soils and improve crop yields.     

中国沿海半干旱地区海水养殖废水灌溉耐盐植物(菊芋)的研究

An experiment with six treatments： CK1 （rainfed）, CK2 （irrigated with freshwater）, and 4 treatments of saline aquaculture effluent blended with brackish groundwater at different ratios of 1：1, 1：2, 1：3, and 1：4 （v/v） was carried out during 2004 to assess the effect of saline aquaculture effluent on plant growth and soil properties in the Laizhou region, Shandong Province, China and to determine an optimal salinity threshold for aquaculture effluent. Cumulative evapotranspiration for the saline aquaculture effluent irrigation and non-irrigation treatments was lower than that for the freshwater irrigation treatment. Soil electrical conductivity was higher with respect to saline aquaculture effluent irrigation treatment compared to that with respect to non-irrigation or freshwater irrigation treatment. For Jerusalem artichoke （Helianthus tuberosus L.）, in comparison to the freshwater treatment, plant height and aboveground biomass for the 1：3 and 1：4 treatments were constrained, whereas stem width and root biomass were enhanced. Concomitantly, higher tuber yield was obtained for the 1：3 and 1：4 treatments compared to that for CK1 and 1：1 treatments. Nitrogen and phosphorus were higher in tubers of the 1：4 treatment. This study demonstrated that saline aquaculture effluent could be used successfully to irrigate Jerusalem artichoke with higher tuber yield and nutrient removal.     

在不同浸出条件下铅离子污染土的固化试验研究

利用水泥来固化/稳定污染土中的重金属离子是一种常用的处置方法。着重讨论了添加蒙脱土后的复合固化剂对铅离子的固化效果。设计了不同蒙脱土和水泥掺量的12组固化剂,通过污染土制备、压实成型、强度测试和溶出试验4个步骤来获得试验数据。其中在溶出试验过程中,设定了4种不同的溶出条件以进行对比分析。结果表明:即使已经远远满足TCLP条件的固化产物,但在更加恶劣的试验条件下,浸出液的浓度非常高,远远达不到标准,所以在固化应用于实际工程时,根据条件不同,要考虑到更加恶劣的条件。     

干旱胁迫对柳枝稷幼苗生理特征的影响

柳枝稷（Panicum virgatum L 。）是一种优良的纤维素类草本能源植物,被认为是一种理想的可再生替代能源,同时又具有优良的牧草特性及水土保持功能。研究水分胁迫对柳枝稷幼苗生理特性的影响,可为其在干旱地区大面积栽培种植提供依据。研究结果表明,柳枝稷幼苗叶片水分随着停水时间延长逐渐降低,但是叶片含水量下降趋势较为平缓,在试验时段内,柳枝稷叶片具有一定保水能力。干旱胁迫下,柳枝稷幼苗叶片的叶绿素a含量、叶绿素总含量与对照相比均表现为明显减少,干旱对叶绿素a的影响要明显高于叶绿素b;干旱胁迫后期,柳枝稷植株体内游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著升高,丙二醛含量也有明显增加,可见,柳枝稷幼苗能通过增加游离脯氨酸及提高可溶性糖含量来缓解土壤干旱胁迫的伤害,表现出一定的抗干旱特性。     

Bioavailability of iron from four different local food plants in Jordan

The bioavailability of iron from local plants(black cumin seeds, milk thistle seeds, sesame seedsand thyme leaves) was investigated. Apparentabsorption of iron was calculated by subtracting fecal iron(using total collection of feces) from iron intake inSprague-Dawley rats. Two trials of animal feeding wereperformed. Liver and serum concentrations of iron, andserum hemoglobin concentration were taken as responseparameters for the bioavailability. Dry thyme wasparticularly rich in iron (117.2 mg/100 g dry matter)and milk thistle seeds in crude fiber (25 g/100 g drymatter). Rats fed the dry thyme diet or thatsupplemented with 5% egg white died but when the dietwas supplemented with 10% egg white, the animalssurvived. Iron intake and apparent and total ironabsorption were highest for the rats fed the drythyme-egg white diet. Liver weights for the groups fedblack cumin seeds and dry thyme were significantlyhigher (p < 0.05) than those for the groups fed milkthistle and sesame seeds. Liver content of ironwas highest for the animals fed black cumin seeds.Serum iron content increased significantly (p < 0.05)for the animals fed black cumin seeds, and serumhemoglobin concentration increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the groups fed milk thistle seed and blackcumin seed diets, but decreased for the group fed thethyme-egg white diet. It is concluded from this studythat iron was better utilized from black cumin seedsas indicated by liver storage of iron. On the otherhand, thyme had the highest iron absorption but lowestutilization.