锥栗林土壤呼吸动态变化与主要影响因子分析

通过LI-6400对闽北锥栗林的土壤呼吸进行测定与分析。结果表明,不同季节土壤温度的变化较为一致,呈单峰变化趋势,最大值出现在15:00;土壤呼吸速率昼夜变化趋势大致呈单峰变化,不同季节里呼吸速率最大值出现的时间不同,春季与冬季最高值出现在13:00,而夏季与秋季分别出现在17:00与15:00;不同季节土壤呼吸速率的日变化幅度以冬季较小,春季最大;土壤呼吸Q10值的季节变化中,冬季Q10值最大,夏季最小,Q10值随土壤温度的增高而降低。     

城市水土保持规划项目的经济评价探讨

在参考现有规范文件的基础上,主要根据深圳市的实际情况,对深圳市的全市城市水土保持规划项目进行了国民经济评价,资料来源主要取自于社会经济调查和这次深圳市城市水土保持规划的实际数据。通过效益指标的计算和敏感性分析表明,这次规划的直接经济效益和社会效益、生态效益均十分明显,且有一定的抗风险能力。在城市水土保持效益的计量方面进行了有益的探讨。     

Regional characterization of the long-term change in soil organic carbon under intensive agriculture

Abstract. To study the change in soil organic carbon (SOC) since it was recorded during the Belgian National Soil Survey some 40 years ago, we recently revisited 939 locations still under use as arable land. The study area comprised almost the entire province of West Flanders (about 3000 km²) characterized by profound changes in its arable land management. Taking the increased ploughing depth (by 9.8 cm on average) into account, a significant (P= 0.001) increase of the SOC content by 0.2% on average was found. Expressed as an amount, the SOC in the topsoil rose by 9.3 t/ha on average, representing an increase of 25%. This is comparable with the conversion of arable land into grassland for 2 to 3 decades. Geostatistical tools were used to map the SOC at the two times of observation. These showed that most of the spatial variation occurred within about 4 km. Since the community level is the smallest spatial resolution on which agricultural statistics are gathered officially, a detailed modelling of the change in SOC was impossible. However, by selecting communities with extreme changes in SOC, we found indications that the major source of increase in SOC was due to the large increase in pig breeding.     

Effects of biochar and poultry manure on soil properties,growth, yield and quality of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium Schott) grown in sandy soil

ABSTRACT

Field experiments were conducted during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons, to evaluate the effects of biochar (B) and poultry manure (PM) on soil physical and chemical properties, leaf nutrient concentrations, growth, mineral composition and corm and cormel yield of cocoyam. The experiment each year consisted of 4 × 2 factorial combinations of B (0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha^?1) and PM (0 and 7.5 t ha^?1). Results of the study indicated that in both years, the application of B and PM alone, and in combination, improved soil physical and chemical properties, leaf nutrient concentrations, growth, mineral composition and corm and cormel yield of cocoyam. There was a significant interaction effect of B and PM (B x PM) which was adduced to the ability of the B to increase PM-use efficiency and promote better use of the nutrients in the PM. It was found that combination of 30 t ha^?1 B and 7.5 t ha^?1 PM (B₃₀+ PM_7.5) gave the highest corm and cormel yield of cocoyam compared with other treatments. The combination of 30 t ha^?1 B and 7.5 t ha^?1 PM (B₃₀+ PM_7.5) exhibited the highest impact and is therefore recommended for soil sustainability and cocoyam productivity on sandy soil.     

强风化砂岩夹板岩重塑土的剪切强度特性

以江苏省无锡市滨湖区雪浪山复绿边坡A段发生的大滑坡为例,研究强风化砂岩夹板岩重塑土在不同含水率和干密度下的三轴UU剪切强度特性,以便更好地服务于边坡的复绿工程.结果表明:含水率从15％增加到25％时,其黏聚力和内摩擦角均随着含水率的增加显著减小;当含水率分别为15％和25％时,随着干密度的增加,其黏聚力和内摩擦角均随着干密度的增加显著增大;但当含水率为20％时,其黏聚力随着干密度的增加而减小,内摩擦角不变.     

茂名小良土壤质量的灰色关联分析及评价

以茂名小良水保站林地和周边天然恢复林地为研究区域,对区域内9种不同植被类型下45个观测点土壤的物理性状、化学性状、微生物性状和酶活性共32个指标进行取土化验和灰色相关分析及综合评价,结果表明:(1)土壤肥力从高到低的顺序为天然恢复林>阔叶林>松桉混交林>U6.31>W5.31>W5.34>W5.41>W5.44>光板地。(2)用该方法把样地分为5个等级,各等级的土壤属性特征非常明显:1等最好,天然次生林植被茂盛,土壤肥力高;5等最差,保留的光板地,很少有草类生长,土壤肥力极低。(3)样地土壤肥力灰色相关分析综合评价的结果与样地实际植被生长情况看出的土壤肥力状况非常吻合,说明此方法科学可行。综合分析得出:桉树适合作为先锋林,用以恢复赤裸地,但不适合长期种植、连栽等,会导致肥力退化,不利于生态修复;如果必须栽植纯桉林,就要采取经常更换品种、轮种、混交、保护林下植被、保留枯枝落叶覆盖物等措施,对保护土壤肥力大有益处。     

农牧交错带半干旱草地生态系统土壤呼吸对短期不同放牧强度的响应

放牧对生态脆弱区的半干旱草地生态系统的群落结构以及生产力的改变更加敏感。通过研究土壤呼吸各组分在不同放牧强度下的变化,得到最适宜的放牧强度的固碳效应。本研究以位于山西省右玉县农牧交错带的半干旱草地生态系统为研究对象,探究短期不同放牧强度对土壤呼吸的影响。2017-2018年每年5月开始进行不同强度的放牧实验,共设置了4个放牧强度：不放牧（对照）、轻度放牧、中度放牧和重度放牧（分别表示为G₀,G₁,G₂和G₃）。采用静态箱法测定不同处理的土壤总呼吸（Soil total respiration,SR_tot）和土壤异养呼吸（Soil heterotrophic respiration,SR_h）,同时监测10 cm表层土壤温度和含水量。实验结果表明：短期不同放牧强度对农牧交错带半干旱草地SR_tot、SR_h和土壤自养呼吸（Soil autotrophic respiration,SR_a）在生长季均呈单峰型变化趋势,各放牧强度均使SR_tot和SR_h有所降低。土壤温度（10 cm）与SR_tot和SR_h呈显著正相关（r²>0.1,P <0.05）。     

粒径大小对含钾矿物钾素释放的影响

将含钾矿物(包括黑云母、白云母和正长石)研磨成粒径分别为251~840、151~250、74~150及74μm的颗粒,采用10mmol/L酒石酸和10mmol/L草酸连续振荡浸提的方法,研究粒径对含钾矿物钾素释放的影响。结果表明:与粒径为251~840μm颗粒相比,粒径为151~250、74~150及74μm的黑云母经过酒石酸和草酸浸提后的钾素释放量分别增加-9%、34%、129%和-21%、20%、152%;白云母经过酒石酸和草酸浸提后的钾素释放量分别增加246%、495%、566%和288%、511%、610%;正长石经过酒石酸和草酸浸提后的钾素释放量分别增加32%、167%、417%和182%、675%、1 687%。白云母和正长石中钾素的释放量随粒径的减小显著增加,黑云母则随粒径的减小呈先减少后增加趋势。     

科尔沁草甸湿地土壤碳氮剖面分布及生长季动态特征

采用定位观测的试验方法,于2016年5-10月及2017年8月对科尔沁草甸湿地0~100 cm土层土壤有机碳、全氮剖面分布及生长季动态特征进行了实验分析,旨在为科尔沁草甸湿地保护提供科学指导并为干旱半干旱地区湿地土壤碳氮储量估算提供借鉴。结果表明:1)科尔沁草甸湿地土壤有机碳、全氮含量整体随土层深度下降,0~20 cm土层间下降显著,20 cm以下趋于相对稳定,范围分别为11.9~23.5 g·kg^-1和0.66~1.50 g·kg^-1。2)各土层土壤碳氮含量月间差异显著(全氮40~60 cm土层除外),变化幅度随土层深度先减小后增大;土壤碳氮密度(100 cm)生长季变化大于年际变化,有机碳密度全生长季呈上升趋势,范围为15.44~20.82 kg·m^-2,全氮密度生长初期明显下降,之后趋于相对稳定,范围为1.01~1.16 kg·m^-2。3)土壤有机碳含量与全氮含量呈极显著正相关;植被和水文是影响其分布、变化的关键因子。科尔沁草甸湿地生长季土壤有机碳、全氮密度变化较大,且表现为潜在的碳汇和氮源,但年际间碳汇潜力未充分发挥,本研究建议禁牧力度应加大并增加氮肥投入以提高科尔沁草甸湿地生态系统功能。