土壤水分对夏玉米农田CO2通量和群体水分利用率的影响

利用CO     

基于EMD方法的土壤入渗空间异质性及其影响因素研究

利用经典统计学方法和经验模态分解方法(EMD),分析了杨凌区、武功县和乾县临平镇一带0~40cm土层土壤物理性质(初始含水率、体积质量、有机质、颗粒组成)和入渗性能(90min累积入渗量、初始入渗率、稳定入渗率)的空间变异性,研究了EMD分量对变异的贡献率,并进一步对多尺度下土壤入渗性能与土壤物理性质进行了相关性分析。结果表明:1土壤物理特性空间序列中,除土壤体积质量变异系数为0.08、表现为弱变异外,含水率、颗粒组成及有机质均表现为中等变异,变异系数为0.11~0.35;2对于土壤入渗特性,稳定入渗率、90min累积入渗量和初始入渗率均表现为中等变异,且三者变异程度依次减弱;3EMD分解研究发现:小尺度分量对土壤入渗性能总变异的贡献率比大尺度分量高;不同的土壤物理性质对土壤入渗性能的影响随尺度变化。     

植被恢复演替初期对模拟降雨产流特征的影响

利用模拟降雨装置,研究了演替恢复初期不同植被覆盖以及不同处理下坡面降雨的产流过程和人渗率。实验研究结果表明,植被演替开始之初,由于地表土壤的土质比较疏松,土壤的人渗率比较大。随着植被演替的进行,土壤中有机质等物质的逐渐累积,土壤的理化性质发生了变化,土壤的人渗特征也随之降低。剪草降雨小区的实验研究结果说明,在降雨的初期,土壤的人渗性能相对较低,随着实验的进行,在雨滴的打击下,部分结皮被破坏,土壤的人渗率也随之增大。说明地表生物结皮的存在,降低了土壤的人渗性能。采取适当的措施破坏地表生物结皮,有利于提高土壤的人渗性能,增加干旱半干旱地区对降雨的利用程度。     

土壤酸碱度与榨菜根肿病的关系分析

【目的】研究不同土壤(pH)酸碱度条件下榨菜根肿病发生的严重程度,探究土壤pH与榨菜根肿病的关系,为榨菜根肿病的防治提供理论依据。【方法】在重庆市涪陵区榨菜根肿病区采集土壤样品288份测定其pH,测定不同pH条件下根肿病菌休眠孢子萌发率、根肿病发病率及榨菜营养生长情况,研究土壤pH与榨菜根肿病间的关系。【结果】288份发病土样pH集中分布于4.00~7.00。根肿病菌休眠孢子的萌发率在pH 5.00~6.50时较高,均在50.00%以上,在pH 3.00、4.00、8.00、8.50、9.00和10.00时萌发率较低。温室盆栽试验结果显示,酸性环境下榨菜根肿病发病率显著高于碱性环境,在pH 4.50~6.50时榨菜根肿病发病严重,以pH 6.00时发病最严重,病情指数达84.22,在pH 8.00时不发生根肿病。不同pH条件下榨菜各生长指标测定结果显示,榨菜在pH 5.00~7.50时长势较好,在pH 6.50~7.00时长势最佳,在pH 4.00和8.00时生长受到抑制。【结论】土壤pH 4.50~6.50的弱酸性环境利于榨菜根肿病的发生,最适宜榨菜营养生长的pH为6.50~7.00。生产中可通过调节土壤pH,再配合其他防治措施以控制榨菜根肿病的发生。     

The effects of poplar (P. trichocarpa × deltoides) on soil biological properties in a silvoarable system

A silvoarable experimental site in Buckinghamshire, England combined rows of poplar trees with an arable rotation. Soil properties were investigated using soil carbon and the bodysize of invertebrates. Four years after establishment, the soil within and 1 m from the tree rows has significantly higher soil organic matter and invertebrate populations. These effects do not extend far beyond the crown diameter.     

三峡库区野果植物资源调查初报

通过对三峡库区野果植物资源种类进行物种查对、种类鉴别和相关资料查证,得出库区具有野果植物37科70属232种（包括2亚种、25变种、1变型）的初步结论,并结合库区自然环境条件和国家政策法规等对三峡库区野果植物资源进行简要分析,并初步筛选出几种野果植物作进一步水土保持研究。     

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and zinc uptake of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings grown in low-zinc soil

The effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus intraradices and G. versiforme, on growth and zinc (Zn) uptake were investigated in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings exposed to low-Zn soil. Low-Zn decreased growth, levels of leaf chlorophyll, soluble protein and sugar, and soil enzymatic activities, and pH in 0–2 cm rhizosphere soil. Low-Zn soil also decreased mineral nutrients (including Zn) concentrations in the shoots and roots. Glomus intraradices especially, significantly enhanced plant biomass, leaf soluble protein and sugar concentrations, root viability, acid phosphatase, catalase, invertase and urease activities, and easily extractable glomalin content in 0–2 cm and 2–4 cm rhizosphere soil. It also increased concentrations of Zn, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the shoots and roots, while decreased the soil pH. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, especially G. intraradices, has the potential to improve growth and Zn uptake of triofoliate orange seedlings grown in low-Zn soil.     

太湖地区水稻土中的β-葡糖苷酶活性

The electrical conductivity （EC） of 1：5 soil-water extract （EC1：5） was studied utilizing path coefficient analysis. The study focused on revealing the main chemical factors contributing to EC of soil extracts and their relative importance. Results showed that the most important factors influencing the EC1：5 of coastal salt-affected soils were the concentration of salt in 1：5 soil-water extract （So）, Cl^-, and the sodium adsorption ratio （SAR）, while effects of pH, CO3^2-, HCO3^, soluble sodium percentage （SSP）, and sodium dianion ratio （SDR） were very weak. Though the direct path coefficients between EC1：5 and SO4^2- , Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, K^＋, or Na^＋ were not high, influence of other chemical factors caused the coefficients to increase, making the summation of their direct and indirect path coefficients relatively high. Evidences showed that multiple regression relations between EC1：5 and most of the primary factors （So, Cl^-, and SAR） had sound reliability and very good accuracy.