生态技术在现代农业中的地位及其技术群构成

提出了现代农业的主要支撑技术包括生态技术、生物技术和管理技术,并分析了此三类支撑技术的相互关系;通过深入比较,指出生态技术在现代农业中应占主导地位,这是现代农业发展的内在要求,是中国生态环境现状的必然选择,是建立社会主义和谐社会的必然趋势;同时提出了生态技术群中应该重点发展的主要技术:立体农业技术、综合养殖生态技术、特色农业技术、多色农业技术、设施农业技术、农业综合节水技术、农业污染综合防治技术和无公害绿色农产品标准化生产技术等。     

在水泵制造企业中应用成组技术

通过水泵生产企业现状的调查分析，在为某水泵厂开发计算机辅助企业现代化管理系统的基础上，提出了水泵生产企业运用成组技术，强化企业内部管理的内容和方法。     

温室土壤食物网静态和动态结构特征

Soil food web structure is fundamental to ecosystem process and function; most studies on soil food web structure have focused on agro-ecosystems under different management practices and natural terrestrial ecosystems, but seldom on greenhouses. This study explored the static and temporal variability of soil food structure in two greenhouses of Shandong Province, North China over a two-year period. The static properties were measured directly by surveying functional group composition and a series of parameters portraying the species properties, link properties, chain properties and omnivory properties of the web, as well as indirectly through calculation of nematode indices, enrichment index （EI）, structure index （SI）, and channel index （CI）. The dynamic variability of greenhouse soil food structure was described by the dynamics of functional groups, Bray-Curtis （BC） similarity and cluster analysis. The results showed that the greenhouse soil food web contained 14 functional groups, with microbes having the highest mean biomass, followed by protozoa. Of the three functional groups of protozoa, flagellates were the dominant group on most sampling dates, amoebae only became the dominant group during the summer, while ciliates were the least prevalent group. All nematodes were assigned into one of the four functional groups, bacterivorous, fungivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous, and the fungivorous nematodes had the lowest mean biomass. Mites were assigned into three functional groups and the omnivorous noncryptostigmatic mites were the dominant group. All the functional groups showed significant seasonal changes. The soil food web connectance was 0.15, the maximum food chain length was 5, and the average food chain length was 3.6. The profiles of the EI and SI showed that the food web was resource- depleted with minimal structure. The results of CI indicated that the bacterial decomposition pathway was the dominant pathway in the food web of the greenhouse soils studied and the results of BC similarity showed that the soil food web had higher variability and instability over time. The cluster analysis showed that the functional groups located at high trophic levels with low biomass were in a cluster, whereas those at low trophic levels with high biomass were closer. Compared with the food web structure of agroecosystem and natural terrestrial ecosystem soils, the structure of greenhouse soil food web was simple and unstable, which was likely driven by high agricultural intensification, particularly over application of fertilizers.     

不同母质发育土壤的中红外吸收光谱特征

选取湘东丘陵区四种典型母质发育土壤(酸性紫色土、花岗岩红壤、板岩红壤和第四纪红土红壤),采集剖面(深至母岩/母质层)样品,应用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪研究灼烧去除有机质处理、土层深度和母质类型对土壤中红外吸收光谱特征的影响,分析吸收光谱与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明,去除有机质后,特征区的中红外吸收值升高,反映矿物质对红外吸收谱线的强烈影响。在剖面上,底土(60~80 cm或100~120 cm)的中红外吸收值高于表土(0~20 cm),与土壤有机质含量的剖面分布相反。四种土壤的中红外光谱均属典型的高岭石图谱。砂粒、粘粒含量与红外吸收值的相关性最好,砂粒含量的最大相关系数(0.51)出现在3700、913和720~540 cm~(-1)附近,粘粒含量的最大相关系数(0.54)出现在1100~694 cm~(-1);本研究表明,原土的中红外吸收光谱特征主要受矿物质的支配,可以很好地反映土壤质地的状况,指示土壤质量变化。     

Effect of xeroderma pigmentosum group D gene on proliferation of human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells induced by Ox-LDL

AIM: To investigate the effects of xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) gene on the proliferation of human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL). METHODS: The recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N2/XPD was transfected into HUASMCs by liposome. The cells were divided into blank control group, pEGFP-N2 group, pEGFP-N2/XPD group, Ox-LDL group, Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2 group and Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group. The proliferation rate of the cells was detected by MTT and EdU assays. The apoptotic rate and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of XPD, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with blank control group, the expression of XPD was increased in pEGFP-N2/XPD group (P<0.05). According to the results of MTT and EdU assays, the cell proliferation in pEGFP-N2/XPD group was reduced compared with blank control group (P<0.05). Compared with Ox-LDL group, the cell proliferation in Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group was significantly inhibited (P<0.05). According to the results of flow cytometry, the cell proportion of S phase decreased and the G₀/G₁-phase cell proportion increased significantly in pEGFP-N2/XPD group and Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group compared with blank control group and Ox-LDL group, repectively (P<0.05). Compared with blank control group and Ox-LDL group, the protein level of Bcl-2 decreased and the protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 increased in pEGFP-N2/XPD group and Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: XPD inhibits the proliferation of HUASMCs and promotes their apoptosis, and reduces the promoting effect of Ox-LDL on the proliferation of HUVSMCs. XPD may be the target for treatment of atherosclerosis.     

不同自燃性煤氧化阶段的表征差异

对3种不同自燃倾向性煤样进行低温氧化实验,利用CO体积分数与煤体温度间变化的计算模型,求解出活化能和煤氧化过程发生转变的特征温度,同时结合热重-差示扫描量热（TG-DSC,theremogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry）实验结果,分析了不同自燃性煤氧化特性和活化能的低温表征规律。结果表明：1）低温氧化阶段,CO生成量、耗氧量和耗氧速率随着煤自燃倾向性增强而增大;不同煤样在实验过程中出现同样的CO生成量和耗氧速率急剧上升的温度拐点,且煤的自燃性越强,该拐点温度越低,同时CO体积分数的变化具有明显的阶段性。2）不同自燃性煤氧化阶段活化能变化规律存在显著差异,当各煤样的温度到达活性温度时,活化能快速减少,且活化能变化点对应于煤氧化过程发生转变的特征温度点。3）根据煤特征温度和活化能的变化规律,把煤低温氧化进程分为4个阶段,分别为表面氧化、氧化自热、加速氧化和深度氧化。     

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒山东分离物全基因组序列扩增及分析

为明确分离自山东省寿光市甜瓜上的瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus,CCYV)分离物的全基因组序列信息和遗传变异情况,利用毛形病毒属Crinivirus简并引物进行RTPCR检测,利用RACE技术结合RT-PCR方法克隆CCYV山东分离物2条RNA链的全基因组序列,通过与GenBank中其它地区CCYV分离物的全长序列进行比对分析其同源性,并基于CP基因序列构建系统进化树分析其遗传变异情况。结果表明,山东分离物经RT-PCR检测和测序后确定为CCYV。CCYV山东分离物与其它CCYV分离物的RNA1链和RNA2链的全基因组序列一致性的平均值分别为99.82%和99.88%,且2条链的5′末端均比较保守,没有碱基突变的情况发生;RNA1链3′末端存在2个碱基变异,RNA2链3′末端存在1个碱基变异。CCYV不同地区分离物主要分为3个簇群,其中山东分离物和中国其它地区分离物、日本分离物、苏丹分离物、黎巴嫩分离物和塞浦路斯分离物聚类在一起。研究表明CCYV基因组序列比较保守,该病毒的分化可能与地理来源存在一定的相关性。     

华北地区十字花科芸薹属蔬菜上立枯丝核菌的病原生物学研究

 由丝核菌引起的十字花科蔬菜叶腐和茎基腐病在中国华北地区普遍发生,其中以河北、内蒙以及北京较为严重。2011~2018年,从华北地区不同省份具有典型叶腐和茎基腐症状的芸苔属蔬菜上分离获得95个丝核菌(Rhizoctonia spp.)分离物,大多数分离自发病植株的叶部,少数分离自茎基部。通过细胞核染色,87株菌属于多核丝核菌,另外8株属于双核丝核菌;经菌丝融合鉴定、rDNA-ITS区及TEF-1α(translation elongation factor 1-alpha, TEF-1α)序列分析,大多数多核丝核菌属于立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)AG-2-1(74％),其他少数分别属于AG-1-IB(16％)、AG-4-HG II(2％)和双核丝核菌AG-A(8％)。温室条件下进行寄主范围致病力测定,各分离物对原寄主都表现出致病力,呈现典型叶腐或茎基腐症状;对其他作物的致病力差异较大。不同融合群(Anastomosis group,AG)的菌株对寄主致病力大小存在差异,AG-2-1致病力最强,只有AG-A对叶部没有致病力。AG-2-1对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力呈显著正相关,AG-1-IB对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力无显著相关性。     

基于群体图像识别的生菜鲜重估算方法研究

为提高温室环境最优控制中生菜信息在线反馈精度,通过群体图像识别研究生菜鲜重估算方法;通过生菜群体图像和单株图像,研究群体估算时误差正负相消对整体误差的改善作用,评估生菜遮挡问题对估算精度的影响,并研究能否通过改进深度学习的损失函数以实现对估算精度的进一步提高。结果表明：1)与不存在遮挡问题的单株图像生菜鲜重估算结果相比,基于群体图像裁剪的生菜鲜重估算决定系数(R²)低0.010 8,归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)高2.69%,平均绝对百分误差(MAPE)低2.36%,虽然估算精度略低,但是生菜群体的遮挡问题更能反映生产实际。2)群体估算虽然存在遮挡问题导致裁剪不完整,但根据误差正负相消原理,相比没有遮挡的单株估算结果MAPE仍然低3.49%,因此更适用于生菜产量信息反馈。3)基于更优化MAPE的损失函数平均平方百分误差(MSPE),可以进一步降低群体估算的MAPE至8.46%,满足“软测量”对估算精度的需求。考虑到温室生菜的实际生产情况,群体估算更适合用于温室环境最优控制中生菜产量信息的在线反馈,通过深度学习等方法的优化,可以将生菜产量的估算误差降低至10%以内。