MB22木聚糖酶发酵条件的研究

通过因素轮换试验和正交试验,对MB22菌产木聚糖酶的培养基配方和发酵条件进行了研究。结果显示最佳培养基组成是:以玉米芯粉和麸皮为碳源,麸皮120g/l,玉米芯280g/l,(NH4)2SO44g/l,CaCO31.5g/l,Tween80,2.0g/l,MgSO4·7H2O1.5g/l;最佳发酵条件为:起始pH5.0,摇床培养温度30℃,转速160r/min,振荡培养84h。在最佳发酵条件下,MB22菌的最高产酶活力可达898.23U/ml。虽然与一些高产菌株相比该菌株的产酶能力还有待于进一步提高,但该试验结果为进一步进行微生物生产木聚糖酶的研究提供了理论依据。     

秀珍菇营养配方的试验

本研究通过三因素三水平的正交试验表明 ,在培养基中添加VB1(2× 10 -6) ,N P K (0 1% ) ,NAA(10× 10 -6) ,最适合秀珍菇菌丝的生长     

Wind-mediated spread of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in irrigated rice crops

A study was carried out to demonstrate that Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), a virus known to be transmitted by beetles, can spread between rice plants by direct leaf contact caused by wind. Almost all healthy plants surrounding an infected plant became infected when exposed to a fan blowing for 15 min at a distance of 50 cm. Spread of RYMV by plant contact, mediated by wind, was also demonstrated in field experiments, the extent of spread depending on plant density. Infection was almost 10 times higher in plots with a density of 33 plants m⁻² than in plots with 16 plants m⁻². Less spread was observed in plots protected by 1·5 m high windscreens. It is suggested that wind-mediated spread of RYMV may result from abrasive contact between leaves of plants.     

金安桥水电站初次蓄水对导流洞稳定性影响的计算分析

金安桥水电站下闸蓄水后，陡升的库水位将对导流洞结构稳定造成不利影响。为保障堵头封堵前的导流洞结构稳定性，运用三维弹塑性损伤有限元，在模拟进水口边坡及导流洞开挖支护的基础上，计算汛前下闸水位时的岩体渗流场，对导流洞围岩和衬砌在岩体渗流作用下的结构稳定性进行复核分析。分析结果表明，导流洞的围岩稳定性在蓄水后仍有保障，衬砌结构受力较小，现有环向配筋满足结构内力要求，但在进水口变截面和导流洞变截面部位沿水流方向的拉应力较大，使得衬砌出现开裂。进一步分析表明，上述区域的开裂范围有限，对整体衬砌结构影响较小。     

径向谐和激励下圆形隧道衬砌的动力稳定性

对径向谐和激励下圆形隧道的动力稳定性进行了研究，从动荷载下衬砌结构的振动方程出发，得到了隧道衬砌动力失稳临界频率计算公式，对可能影响隧道衬砌动力稳定性的因素进行了参数分析，探讨了系统参数，如地基土的性质、衬砌径厚比、外激励的性质以及系统的阻尼对衬砌动力稳定性的影响，计算结果表明：隧道周围土体的性质以及系统阻尼对衬砌的动力稳定性影响不大；相反，衬砌的厚度和外激励特性对衬砌的动力不稳定区域影响较大     

2016/2017冬中国气温偏暖的基本特征及可能成因

利用中国740余站观测的月平均2 m气温资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,通过动力学诊断的方法,对2016—2017年中国冬季异常偏暖现象进行了研究。结果发现：中国2016—2017年冬季气温偏暖主要是由于西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压偏弱导致东亚冬季风偏弱,在中国存在异常的偏南风。阿留申低压偏弱由两个因素引起,一是由于阿留申群岛地区的海温偏低,冷源对应异常高压导致阿留申低压偏弱;二是阿留申低压在东亚副热带高空西风急流出口区以北,然而该冬季高空西风急流出口区位置偏南,导致阿留申地区偏离急流出口减压区,从而导致阿留申低压偏弱。此外,西风带偏北,中高纬亚洲大陆上空以纬向环流为主,不利于冷空气南下。     

西兰花品种比较试验

本试验引进了沪绿68、沪绿88和沪绿118共3个西兰花新品种,与当地主栽品种——耐寒优秀进行比较试验,试图筛选出适应当地种植的西兰花新品种。试验结果表明,沪绿68花球紧实度不高且蕾粒容易掉;沪绿118植株侧枝很多且花球有空心;沪绿88品种长势好、商品性好,适宜在如东地区种植。     

不同药剂防治水稻高龄稻纵卷叶螟试验初报

667m2用15.00%安打SC16mL和3.00%阿维菌素EC100mL处理,对水稻高龄纵卷叶螟杀虫效果最好,其防效在97.00%以上。     

多菌灵降解菌的鉴定及降解条件初步优化

对已分离到的多菌灵降解菌进行16S r DNA序列分析后,采用均匀设计法,优化多菌灵降解菌降解条件。用4因素6水平混合均匀设计表,综合考察培养时间、接种量、p H、温度对多菌灵降解菌降解能力的影响。通过二次多项式逐步回归得出最终降解条件为:培养时间6 d、接种量10%、p H 4.0、温度为45℃时,最优目标函数Y(降解率)为68.65%。进一步进行盆栽试验,检测该菌在实际应用中的降解效率为59.54%。     

Organic input quality is more important than its quantity: C turnover coefficients in different cropping systems

Annual C input to soil is a major factor affecting soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. However different types of C-sources can have different behaviour, in relation to their chemical characteristics and how they interact with soil. Root-derived C, in particular, should be more efficient than other organic materials as a result of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the surrounding environment, leading to a reduction in the C decomposition rate.To test this hypothesis, we considered a long-term experiment underway in Northern Italy since 1962, comparing permanent meadow and 6 different crop rotations over a wide range of nutrient inputs, in both organic and inorganic forms. C inputs from amendments were measured and those from crops were calculated using allometric functions and crop and residues yields. The time evolution of SOC was studied through a single-pool, first-order kinetic model, allowing the estimation of humification coefficients for residues, roots, farmyard manure and cattle slurries.The highest value of the humification coefficient was estimated for farmyard manure, which confirmed its high efficiency in stabilising SOC content. Root C presented a humification coefficient 1.9 times higher than above-ground plant materials while slurries were intermediate, with a humification coefficient roughly half that of farmyard manure and even lower that of roots.The quality of C input thus seems of fundamental importance for evaluating the sustainability of different cropping systems in terms of SOC dynamics.