落叶果树冬季管理技术要点

落叶果树冬季进入休眠期,果农田间管理时间长,农事操作方便,而在生产中,不少果农忽视了冬季这个果园管理的关键时期,造成树势衰弱、树形杂乱、病虫害严重。做好落叶果树冬季管理技术措施,对于增强树势,提高翌年果树产量、品质和效益起到关键性的作用。     

热带海岸次生林群落主要乔木的种间关联分析

对热带海岸次生林群落主要乔木种群的重要值、方差比率、χ~2统计量和Ochiai(OI)指数等种间联结性指标进行测定,旨在揭示该群落优势种群之间相互作用的内在关联及种对间关联性的内在规律。结果表明:香蒲桃是热带海岸次生林群落的主要建群种;热带海岸次生林群落19个主要种群总体关联性表现为不显著正关联,反映了该群落尚未达到稳定的演替阶段;χ~2检验结果显示该群落优势种群正关联种对与负关联种对数量相当,无关联种对数较少,分别占总对数的42.7%、43.3%和14.0%,显著正关联种对数为1对,极显著和显著负关联种对数为2对;Ochiai(OI)指数显示66对种对的OI值落在[0.6,1],反映出热带海岸次生林主要种对间关联程度较为紧密。综上所述,热带海岸次生林群落优势种群种对间种间关联明显,物种之间存在一定的独立性,整体趋向稳定发展,实践中为加快热带次生林演替的进程,应重点保护正联结性较强的树种。     

谈高校管理中的激励技术

在高校的管理过程中,科学地选择激励技术是调动教职工积极性,发挥教职工创造性,质量和办学水平的有效的一从六个方面对此了探讨。     

Spatial variability in the growth of direct-seeded rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in northeast Thailand

Large within-field variation in rice growth often causes production loss in broadcast-seeded (BC) rainfed lowland rice. The spatial variability of direct-seeded rainfed lowland rice was evaluated in 2004, 2005, and 2007 in on-station experiments at Ubon Ratchathani, northeast Thailand, in relation to soil water content and weed infestation, by adopting semivariogram and block kriging, including comparisons among BC with harrowing (BCH; no weeding), BC with no harrowing (BCNH; no weeding), and row-seeded (RS; interrow weeding once) fields. BCH and BCNH were also compared in 11 farmers’ fields in 2006 and 2007, to assess the effect of harrowing on rice growth and weed infestation. During most of the rice growing periods, flooded and non-flooded portions existed simultaneously in the fields, with different proportions among years and among seeding methods in the on-station experiment. BCH and BCNH rice had large within-field variation in seedling density, heading date, shoot dry matter, grain yield, harvest index, panicle density, and filled spikelet per panicle, as well as in weed infestation, measured by a quick visual estimation. Many of the measured variables (except mean soil water content in RS in 2007, seedling density in BCH in 2005 and 2007, shoot dry matter in BCH and BCNH in 2007, and panicle density in BCH in 2007) were spatially dependent (i.e., data from nearby locations were most similar) by geostatistical analysis. Analysis of correlations using the 420 data sets of BCH plots in 2005 and BCH, BCNH, and RS plots in 2007 revealed a positive correlation between soil water content and grain yield and negative correlations between weed infestation and soil water content and grain yield. Compared with BCH, in 2007 BCNH had much lower grain yield because of lower soil water content after establishment and more weed infestation. BCH had higher grain yield than BCNH in weedy fields in the farmers’ fields experiment. RS with interrow weeding resulted in a smaller coefficient of variation, smaller sill value, and higher grain yield than BCH, due to less weed infestation and a higher proportion of flooded water. These results indicated that reducing the spatial variability in rice growth requires careful field preparation, such as harrowing to level the soil surface and to reduce the uneven distribution of standing water and the variability in soil water content, combined with effective crop and weed management (i.e., harrowing and row-seeding). This is the first study that examined spatial variability in the growth of direct-seeded rice as a function of soil water content and weed infestation in a rainfed lowland environment.     

氮肥运筹对春玉米产量、养分吸收和转运的影响

研究氮肥不同运筹方式对玉米产量、养分吸收利用、转运及分配的影响。结果表明,基肥:拔节期:抽雄期施氮比例为3∶4∶3处理玉米产量和氮肥利用效率最高,较其他基追比例处理增产3.2%~20.5%,氮收获指数、当季回收率、农学利用率和偏生产力分别提高2.0~5.3个百分点、2.0~21.3个百分点、2.3~10.0 kg/kg和2.3~10.0 kg/kg。施氮可显著增加玉米主要生育期氮、磷、钾吸收量,并可提高玉米抽雄期氮、磷、钾养分向子粒转运和子粒养分增加量,其中基肥∶拔节期∶抽雄期施氮比例为3∶4∶3处理玉米灌浆期氮、磷、钾吸收量最高,成熟期子粒氮、磷、钾积累总量高于其他基追比例处理。相关分析结果表明,玉米各生育期氮、磷、钾吸收间存在显著或极显著的正向相关,且除苗期外,其他生育期氮、磷、钾吸收量与产量均存在极显著正相关,灌浆期氮、磷、钾吸收状况与产量相关系数最大。     

中国部分稻种资源的化感控制杂草潜力评价

采用人工气候箱结合田间小区试验,从我国部分水稻种质资源中筛选获得了2份具有化感潜力的水稻品种（系）,其中我国台湾品种蚁公包幼苗对无芒稗根长影响因子RRL为0.43,其叶片水浸提液对无芒稗和莴苣根长抑制率分别达到45%和85%,在田间对无芒稗茎数和植株鲜质量的控制效果分别为22.0%和26.1%。云南品种地谷幼苗对无芒稗的植株高度影响因子RSH和植株干质量影响因子RPDW分别为0.62和0.58, 叶片水浸提液对无芒稗和莴苣根长抑制率分别达到53%和65%,在田间对无芒稗茎数和植株鲜质量的控制效果分别达到51.5%和46.1%。 蚁公包对莴苣的控制效果和地谷对无芒稗的控制效果均显著高于美国化感潜力品种PI312777。蚁公包和地谷是我国宝贵的化感潜力品种资源。     

云南哈尼梯田当前栽培水稻遗传多样性及群体结构分析

利用118对SSR分子标记对2012年云南哈尼梯田的47份水稻材料进行多态性检测,分析其遗传多样性,并利用Structure 2.3.4软件进行群体结构分析。结果显示,118对SSR标记共检测到255个等位变异,变幅为2~4个,平均每个标记2.161个。基因多样性指数变异范围为0.043~0.656,平均0.303。多态信息含量(PIC)变异范围为0.042~0.583,平均0.256。其中高度多态位点(PIC0.5)有2个,中度多态位点(0.25PIC0.5)有66个;通过遗传相似系数及基于数学模型的群体结构分析均将供试材料分为偏籼和偏粳2个类群;聚类结果和海拔高度总体上没有明显规律,但偏籼类群中的偏籼红米亚群按海拔高低分别聚在一起。研究表明,云南哈尼梯田现有栽培水稻以偏籼水稻为主,但本研究估测的遗传多样性低于前人报道。     

强化责任意识促进事业单位财务管理规范化

文章介绍了农业部管理干部学院做好财务工作的主要做法:一是抓好队伍建设,提高财务人员能力素质;二是抓制度建设,健全内部管理责任机制;三是抓风险防控,切实强化财务基础工作。     

小型水库工程管理存在问题探讨

对小型水库工程设施、管理、交通通讯等存在问题的症结和解决的对策进行探讨。     

林业企业战略环境管理研究

运用环境战略理论对林业企业实施战略管理进行分析和探讨,从环境、资源2大要素为林业企业实施战略管理提出促进林业企业战略管理的实施,增强其竞争优势的建议。