Effect of colostrum treated by heat on immunological parameters in newborn lambs

Seventeen newborn lambs were fed with untreated colostrum (group A) and 18 lambs were fed with colostrum treated by heat (56 °C, 30 min) (group B). Blood samples were obtained at seven time points from day 0 to 38 of life. Clinical status and body weight were recorded and serum protein fractions and IgG levels were determined in blood. Phagocytosis of neutrophils from the lambs and opsonic capacity of their serum were examined using a flow cytometry method. As an indicator of in vivo cellular immunity, reactions to intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were examined at 8 and 16 days of age. There were no clinical signs of disease and no significant differences in body weight between groups. Lambs from group B had lower total protein initially and lower γ-globulin and IgG levels until day 32 compared to lambs from group A (P < 0.01). Heat treatment of colostrum had no significant effect on serum opsonic capacity or phagocytosis by neutrophils and these functions increased with age. However, responses to PHA in lambs from group B were lower (P < 0.01) than group A at day 8 of life, but not at day 16, suggesting that cellular immunity was affected by the treatment of colostrum. These results showed that colostrum treated by heat impaired cellular and IgG levels in lambs, but not phagocytic function. However, these changes did not affect the health or performance of the lambs.     

DIPHOSPHONATE TREATMENT OF A PRIMARY OSTEOSARCOMA IN A DOG: A CASE REPORT

The following sequence of treatments was administered to a Saint Bernard dog with a primary distal right radius osteosarcoma: 54 days of daily disodium 1-hydroxyethylidenediphosphonate (HEDP) subcutaneous injections; 53 days of HEDP per os ; one ³²P-HEDP intravenous injection. During the pretreatment period, there was an extensive increase in calcific tumor growth and osteoblastic proliferation. After the subcutaneous HEDP treatment, almost complete tumor necrosis was seen. After the oral HEDP treatment, only the deepest tumor portion contained active osteoblasts, calcific growth of the tumor was completely blocked, and uptake of ^99mTc-Sn-HEDP was reduced to one fourth of the pretreatment uptake. After a single ³²P-HEDP dose, large areas of tumor necrosis were evident histopathologically. However, subsequent resumption of cellular activity occurred in the tumor, and the uptake of ^99mTc-Sn-HEDP increased to pretreatment values. These data suggest that systemically administered HEDP should be studied further for its possible therapeutic potential in the treatment of osteosarcoma and indicate a need for further study of ³²P-HEDP or possibly ³³P-HEDP.     

双峰驼水代谢与血液中无机离子浓度的动态关系

对双峰驼禁水１５ｄ，于禁水前、后及暴饮后采血，测定其血液中多种无机离子的浓度变化。结果表明，全血碳酸氢盐含量在禁水期变化极显著，与禁水前相比，冬季试验升高２８．０９％，夏季试验升高２６．５９％；暴饮后快速下降，冬、夏季试验分别比禁水前低９．５％和７．８％，４ｄ后恢复正常。血清中Ｋ＋和Ｆｅ２＋含量未见统计学差异。血清中Ｎａ＋、Ｃｌ－、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、和Ｐ３＋的含量于禁水期逐渐上升，暴饮后快速下降，其变化均有显著差异，其中Ｎａ＋的正常值显著高于其他反刍动物。结果表明，双峰驼在禁水期具有较高的血液渗透压和碱储量，其对保证缺水时血液酸碱平衡的调节，维持血容量，保证机体正常水代谢功能具有重要作用，是骆驼耐干渴的重要原因之一。     

猪副嗜血杆菌病诊断与防治

猪副嗜血杆菌病作为对猪群生长发育带来严重危害性的一种细菌性传染疾病,不仅导致猪群质量下降,降低生猪养殖产业的经济效益。猪副嗜血杆菌病不会造成猪群较高的死亡率,但是对猪群在生长发育中的抵抗能力下降,极易感染多种传染性疾病,导致症状复杂,不利于疾病的诊断。该文主要对猪副嗜血杆菌病的诊断展开分析,论述流行特点、病例变化、临床症状等,并总结猪副嗜血杆菌病的防治方法。     

The Survival of a Temperate vtx Bacteriophage and an Anti‐Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 Lytic Phage in Water and Soil Samples

Verocytotoxigenic (vtx) Escherichia coli (VTEC) are zoonotic foodborne pathogens with the vtx operon encoded by lambdoid bacteriophage (phage). Despite much research on the host bacteria, similar data on the persistence of verocytotoxin converting phage and the ecological niches where transduction occurs are lacking and novel VTEC of important public health significance, have and continue to emerge. This study investigated the survival of a temperate vtx bacteriophage (24_B::kanamycin^R) in water (raw farm, pasteurized farm, laboratory tap and autoclaved purified water) and soil (sandy loam and loam soil). It also examined the persistence of an anti‐VTEC lytic phage (e11/2) in the same matrices as this may be one option for controlling the emergence of novel VTEC, especially in farm ecological niches where other control options, such as chemical, heat or high pressure treatments, are not feasible. Samples inoculated with 24_B::kanamycin^R and e11/2 bacteriophage (8 log₁₀ pfu/ml or pfu/g) separately were incubated at 4°C and 14°C, representative Irish Winter and Summer temperatures, respectively, and tested every 2 days for 40 days. The transduction of 24_B::kanamycin^R was also continuously assessed. Both phages survived with reductions observed, regardless of matrix or storage temperature. Moreover, 24_B::kanamycin^R was able to transduce its host E. coli strain. It was therefore concluded that aquatic and soil environments on farms may serve as a vtx phage reservoir and transduction point but anti‐VTEC phage is a possible biocontrol option.     

塔里木河下游生态输水对草地恢复的影响

结合塔里木河下游生态输水,通过对植被和地下水的监测,分析了输水对下游草地恢复的影响。结果显示:随着生态输水,塔里木河下游输水河道附近地下水位大幅升高,下游草地也出现明显的生态恢复,主要表现在植被种类和草地覆盖度的变化。但是由于不同草本植物对地下水位的适应程度不同,距河道不同距离植物响应的程度不同。而对于因河水漫溢出现的恢复区,其植被种类和覆盖度表现与因地下水升高而恢复的区域差异较大,说明不同输水方式对草地生态恢复的影响程度不同。     

关于或有事项的探讨

或有事项是指过去的交易或事项形成的一种状况，其结果须通过未来不确定事项的发生或不发生予以证实。或有会计事项作为一种特殊的不确定性经济事项，其信息对企业内部管理当局及有关各方经营决策的影响越来越大。针对我国现阶段或有事项的处理披露中存在的问题，一方面应提高会计人员的业务素质，加强对从业会计人员的业务培训；另一方面应充分发挥审计对公司财务信息披露质量的鉴证作用。     

The clinical features and short-term treatment outcomes of scirrhous cord: A retrospective study of 32 cases

Scirrhous cord (SC) is an uncommon complication of castration, characterised by chronic infection of the spermatic cord remnant. It is reported that surgical excision of the infected tissue is the most effective means of treatment, but there are few published studies assessing the outcomes of horses treated for SC. The aims of this retrospective study were to describe the clinical features and short-term outcomes in horses treated for SC at two equine hospitals in the UK. The clinical records of horses diagnosed with SC over a 10-year period were reviewed. A diagnosis of SC was made if the gelding presented with typical clinical signs with confirmation at surgery. Thirty-two cases of SC were identified at the two equine hospitals. The mean age at presentation was 6 years (range 2–14 years, n = 22), and the median time from castration to presentation was 29.5 days (range 20–2500 days). Mean age at castration was 4.3 years (range 6 months to 10 years, n = 10). Clinical signs included scrotal swelling, discharging wounds, hindlimb lameness and pyrexia. Five horses demonstrated hyperfibrinogenaemia (n = 8). Microbial culture isolated various bacterial species. All 32 cases were treated with surgical excision of the infected tissue and discharged from the hospitals between 1 and 10 days post-operatively. A limitation of this study is that it was a retrospective study with no long-term follow-up available. It was concluded that the results of this study confirm that SC can present at variable time points following castration, even many years later, and that a variety of bacterial species may be involved. Surgical excision of infected tissue is a successful treatment with a good short-term prognosis for survival.     

Improvement and retardation of wound healing: effects of pharmacological agents in laboratory animal studies

Impaired wound healing is an important problem; retardation of healing may be induced by endogenous and/or exogenous factors and treatments capable of ameliorating these effects are needed. The effects of solutions containing light ichthyol or povidone iodine, of ointments containing zinc oxide (ZO) and/or cod liver oil (CLO), and of a polyurethane-hydrogel foam wound dressing were examined on healing of full-thickness murine skin wounds impaired by systemic dexamethasone. The effects of the ointments were also studied on murine skin ulceration induced by subcutaneous sodium dodecyl sulphate solution. Light ichthyol at 1% and 2% but not at 5% and 10%, povidone iodine at 1% and the foam accelerated impaired healing. The ointments containing ZO or CLO accelerated healing of impaired full-thickness wounds and of ulcerated skin; ZO and CLO were synergistic. These studies demonstrate the value of murine models in the evaluation of agents employed in veterinary wound dressings.