A GIS-based plant prediction model for wetland ecosystems

An existing non-spatial model for the prediction of response of wetland plant species on ecological factors has been transformed into a GIS-based prediction model which produces spatial output at the landscape scale. The input, spatial patterns of the ecological factors, were constructed with geostatistical spatial interpolation (kriging). With this GIS-based model the spatial patterns of presence and absence of 78 wetland plant species are predicted for an area with wetlands in the Netherlands of approximately 500 square kilometers. The GIS-based model has been validated, and the estimated uncertainty of the input has been propagated through the model. At the species level the output shows spatially coherent and non-random patterns. The validation is affected by the propagation of input errors through the model. The number of valid predictions declines approximately 10–20% when 95% confidence intervals are used in the validation. This study shows that it is feasible to use a geostatistical interpolation method to construct spatial patterns of ecological factors on a landscape scale and to use these patterns as input for a GIS-based prediction model. The added uncertainty on the input values however, affects the number of valid predictions of the model.     

Movements by wild brown trout in a boreal river: response to habitat and flow contrasts

Abstract  Radio transmitters were implanted in wild brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in the River Måna at low summer water flows ( n  = 18), higher flow in summer ( n  =   20), and variable, peaking flows in autumn ( n  =   20), and tracked two to four times day and night for 4–5 weeks. Individuals were caught and released in a 4-km uniformly channelised section, and in a 4-km natural diverse river section. Substantial individual variation in home range and total movement (924–85 818 m² and 295–7014 m) suggested flexibility to adapt to local environmental conditions. Fish were stationary most of the time (median movement 0 m), but some individuals undertook few and apparently sporadic longer movements, sometimes involving shifts in home range. No consistent diurnal pattern in movements was found. Trout in the uniform habitat section appeared to have larger home ranges and moved more than trout in the natural section. Differences were, however, not statistically significant in most comparisons, due to large individual variation. Similarly, larger home ranges and movements between trials related to higher flow were found, but differences were generally not significant. No consistent effects of sudden, extreme peaking flows on area use or movements by the brown trout were observed.     

宁波市农业自然资源及其可持续利用

从宁波市农业自然资源形成的自然地理环境基础着手,分析了宁波市农业自然资源的基本特征,进一步论述了宁波市在开发利用农业自然资源中存在的主要问题,并针对这些问题提出了宁波市农业自然资源可持续利用的若干对策。     

庐山旅游气候资源及其舒适度评价

利用庐山45年的月平均气温、相对湿度及风速资料,评价其旅游气候资源,计算人体舒适度指数,得出庐山旅游气候资源非常丰富,与气象条件有关的自然景观观赏价值很高;夏季凉爽舒适,为避暑胜地;春秋两季稍凉,可适当安排旅游活动;冬季较冷,但可观赏各类雪景。     

土地利用总体规划中生态退耕规划标准指标体系构建与应用

生态退耕规划标准是新一轮土地利用总体规划编制过程中确定生态退耕布局和规模的准则和依据。针对目前生态退耕规划仅从改善生态环境的单一目标出发,而忽视生态退耕对区域粮食安全、经济发展影响的情况,该文以河北省为例,根据整体性、综合协调、科学和可操作性的原则,构建了生态退耕规划标准指标体系;并以河北省下辖11个行政市为评价单元,应用层次分析法进行河北省生态退耕区域评价;应用最小人均耕地面积的概念,确定生态退耕规模。根据评价单元各因素和综合得分情况,河北省可划分为重点、次重点和一般生态退耕区。预计到2020年河北省生态退耕总规模约为61.09×10⁴ hm²。     

基于水量平衡原理的畦灌水流推进简化解析模型研究

畦灌水流推进过程计算模型对确定灌水技术要素、田间平均入渗率和糙率有十分重要的作用。该文依据水量平衡模型,分析畦灌下渗水形状系数、地表储水形状系数的变化规律,结果表明下渗水形状系数受地表水推进过程中的推进距离和时间的幂指数影响很小,可用一个稳定值代替,由此建立了基于水量平衡原理的畦灌水流推进简化解析模型。结合已有文献资料和田间试验对模型进行检验,表明该模型具有计算求解方便、精度较高的优点,可用于畦灌合理灌水技术指标的确定。     

溴苯腈在土壤及水中残留分析方法的研究

本文研究建立了溴苯腈在土壤及水中的残留测定方法。研究了溴苯腈在土壤及水中残留分析的不同检测法、提取净化法,比较了不同提取溶剂和提取次数对水中溴苯腈残留的提取效果及索氏提取法、振荡提取法和超声-微波协同萃取法对土壤中溴苯腈残留的提取效果。结果表明,溴苯腈在土壤及水中的残留测定适合采用高效液相色谱法;确立了溴苯腈在水中的残留测定方法为正己烷作萃取溶剂,液-液分配萃取2次,用高效液相色谱测定。当溴苯腈在水中的添加浓度为0.10～1.00mg·L-1时,标准添加回收率为98.7%～111.1%、变异系数为0.80%～7.85%;溴苯腈在土壤中残留分析的3种提取方法均能达到农药残留分析的要求,通过比较不同提取时间和溶剂用量的提取效果,最终确定了溴苯腈在土壤中的残留分析方法为用丙酮∶水∶冰乙酸=80∶18∶2(V∶V∶V)经振荡提取或超声-微波协同萃取,再经液-液分配净化,最后用高效液相色谱测定。当溴苯腈在土壤中的添加浓度为0.05～5.00mg·kg-1时,振荡提取法相应的标准添加回收率为90.9%～102.0%、变异系数为0.08%～18.44%,超声-微波协同萃取法相应的标准添加回收率为95.6%～109.4%、变异系数为0.18%～16.01%,均符合农药残留分析的要求。     

负水头条件下的水平一维土壤吸渗特征

该文分析了不同负水头条件下土壤水分运动特征,并通过室内模拟试验研究了不同负水头条件下水平一维土壤的吸渗特征,根据Brooks-corey模型推求了描述负水头条件下土壤吸渗公式,并分析了各参量间的函数关系。分析了Philip吸渗公式在负水头条件下的适用性,并对所建立的公式进行检验。研究结果表明：上述理论关系可以很好描述负水头条件下水平一维土壤吸渗过程。     

联合国粮食及农业组织网上资源简介

在经济全球化和信息化的背景下,世界农业的信息资源日益电子化和网络化。本文拟就联合国粮农组织网上资源的主要内容和检索作一分析。     

馆藏结构与读者需求行为分析

通过对图书馆馆藏结构与读者需求的变化和特点进行分析,认为数字化文献应与印刷型文献协调发展;信息系统服务平台建设应与资源建设同步;必须积极构建图书馆数字化文献服务体系。