基于遥控操作的挖掘机操纵系统的实现

为实现挖掘机操作的智能远程控制，应用电液比例控制技术实现了挖掘机的遥控操作。在原机基础上，提出了电控操纵液压系统的设计方案．对原机操纵液压系统进行了改造，并阐述了各种液压阀体的选取原则及过程。经实验测试．改造后的挖掘机性能稳定，为智能挖掘机研究提供了一个可靠的电控液压系统平台。     

机械设备更新决策专家系统的设计

着重论述了机械设备更新决策专家系统的设计过程,包括知识库的设计、推理机的推理方向和方法、知识获取方法的介绍、综合数据库的规划、人机接口等内容。     

引黄济津应急调水工程河北段输水能力计算

针对引黄济津应急调水工程河北段的输水能力进行了研究。渠段的输水能力是指渠段所能通过的最大入流量，即渠段的首端断面所能通过的最大流量。根据引黄济津应急调水工程近4年的实测数据，构建了适于干河床水流推进过程渗漏损失的改进模型、小水深情况下的糙率加大模型，并采用均匀试验优选方法对水力参数进行了反演，利用非恒定流模型对引黄济津河北段渠系输水能力进行了计算。结果表明，建立的渗漏损失改进模型、小水深情况下的糙率加大模型是合理的，反演得到的参数是精确的；由于在水流推进与涨水阶段渠床的非稳定渗漏起了较大作用，所以各渠段的输水能力在非稳定输水阶段比稳定输水阶段稍大。输水能力的计算结果可以为引黄济津未来几年的输水规划与调度提供具体的指导。     

上海市水权交易的潜力分析—从产

随着城市经济的发展，农业、工业、生活和生态环境用水之间竞争加剧，运用市场机制和经济手段来合理分配水资源是目前国际社会所采取的战略举措。基于不同产业的用水效率和效益的差异分析，说明在产业间开展水权交易可优化水资源配置。现以工业化程度最高的上海为例，对上海的用水结构与产业结构进行对比分析，揭示水权交易的内在去驱动力，并提出了推动水权交易实践的政策建议。     

蜗壳内部含沙水两相流动的CFD模拟分析

基于N-S方程,对水轮机金属蜗壳在清水和含沙水两相流动时的内部流场进行了全三维CFD数值模拟,输送清水介质时采用标准k-ε湍流模型,输送含有固体颗粒的含沙两相介质时采用k-ε-Ap模型,采用笛卡儿坐标、混合四面体非结构网格和SIMPLE算法进行计算,揭示了含沙水两相流体在水轮机引水部件中的运动规律,分析了水轮机蜗壳内部流场两相流动机理,对蜗壳内部泥沙磨损进行了预测和分析,得出的模拟结果与实际电站的资料基本吻合,说明利用CFD模拟进行蜗壳内部泥沙磨损性能预测及优化设计是可行的。     

Is partial root-zone drying an effective irrigation technique to improve water use efficiency and fruit quality in field-grown wine grapes under semiarid conditions?

We investigated the effects of partial root-zone drying (PRD) applied at different periods on leaf water relations, vegetative development, fruit yield, must and wine quality in wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Monastrell) during a 3-year field experiment in order to determine the importance of the timing of PRD application on physiological and agronomical vine response under semiarid conditions. Two irrigation treatments were applied: conventional drip irrigation (CI) and PRD. Both treatments received the same annual water quantity. Each year the PRD treatment was applied at different periods of the growth cycle. In 1999 PRD was applied from veraison to harvest (end July–early September); in 2000 from fruit set to harvest (mid June–early September); and in 2001 PRD from budburst to harvest (mid April–early September). Leaf water relations and gas exchange during the experimental period were not significantly affected by PRD treatment. In 1999 and 2000 there was no significant treatment effect on vegetative development, yield or fruit quality. However, in 2001 (when PRD was applied from budburst to harvest), reproductive and vegetative development was clearly altered in PRD vines. Fruit set percentage and vegetative development (shoot length, pruning weight and primary and lateral leaf area) were significantly increased in PRD vines compared to CI. This resulted in both higher yield (kg per vine) (43%) and water use efficiency (40%) compared to CI vines. Berry number per cluster and cluster weight were also significantly increased in PRD vines. Notwithstanding higher yield in PRD vines and a similar berry size, the must and wine quality was not significantly altered, indicating a higher synthesis and accumulation of photoassimilates and metabolites in the berries of PRD vines. We conclude that there was an positive effect on vegetative and reproductive growth when long-term PRD was applied from the beginning of growing season (budburst), suggesting that early onset of PRD is desirable to intensify PRD response under these semiarid conditions. Nevertheless from these results we need to further investigate the long- and short-term effects of PRD, with moderate water amounts, on vegetative and reproductive development such as flowering and fruit set processes in wine grapes.     

根系生长与土壤物理性状之间的关系

根系生长在土壤之中,土壤物理条件的改变会对根系生长产生直接或间接的影响.为此,通过分析土壤主要物理条件,对土壤物理环境与作物生长之间的关系进行了评述,并对目前研究中存在的不足及今后需深入的研究领域提出了建议.     

灌溉水利用系数综合测定法实例分析

灌溉水利用系数是衡量农业节水效果的关键指标。目前各地区统计出的灌溉水利用系数差异极大。很多数据明显的存在错误，难以作为比较与衡量的标准。影响灌溉水利用系数正常测定的主要原因是传统测定方法存在测定工作量巨大、测定条件难以保证等。通过开展对灌溉水利用系数资料的搜集、整理并对灌区进行实地调研，在了解目前灌区灌溉水利用系数测量中存在问题及原因的基础上，对灌区灌溉水利用系数测量计算方法进行了分析研究，提出了测定灌溉水利用系数的综合测定计算方法。该方法既克服了传统测量方法中工作量大，需要大量人力、物力才能完成的缺点，又弥补了只测量典型渠段而引起较大误差的不足，而且能反映出灌区渠系用水情况、灌溉工程质量及灌溉用水管理水平等。以漳河灌区为例进行了应用分析。     

Controlled water table management as a strategy for reducing salt loads from subsurface drainage under perennial agriculture in semi-arid Australia

Recent community based actions to ensure the sustainability of irrigation and protection of associated ecosystems in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA) of Australia has seen the implementation of a regional Land and Water Management Plan. This aims to improve land and water management within the irrigation area and minimise downstream impacts associated with irrigation. One of the plan objectives is to decrease current salt loads generated from subsurface drainage in perennial horticulture within the area from 20 000 tonnes/year to 17 000 tonnes/year. In order to meet such objectives Controlled Water table Management (CWM) is being investigated as a possible ‘Best Management Practice’, to reduce drainage volumes and salt loads.During 2000–2002 a trial was conducted on a 15 ha subsurface drained vineyard. This compared a traditional unmanaged subsurface drainage system with a controlled drainage system utilizing weirs to maintain water tables and changes in irrigation scheduling to maximize the potential crop use of a shallow water table. Drainage volumes, salt loads and water table elevations throughout the field were monitored to investigate the effects of controlled drainage on drain flows and salt loads.Results from the experiment showed that controlled drainage significantly reduced drainage volumes and salt loads compared to unmanaged systems. However, there were marked increases in soil salinity which will need to be carefully monitored and managed.     

行走式自动点灌机的设计分析及应用

从改变点灌机整机的传动原理入手，使整机结构简单、布置合理、造价低廉；将所需要的灌水排量变为可调式，使水能及时、准确地注入穴位；简化了直流永磁电机的制作工艺，从上述诸方面阐述了行走式自动点灌机结构的设计特点，简述了该机的效益及应用前景，并对今后进一步的研究提出了建议。