水井酸处理效果预测研究

水井酸处理效果预测一直缺乏成熟的方法。提出了根据水位恢复曲线形态和含水层裂隙特征来预测井的首次酸处理效果，经与石油界所用方法有明显不同。石油界普遍认为，只有不位恢复曲线为快速上翘型的低产碳酸盐岩井才适合酸处理（即基质酸化），但作者近年来发现，多数水位恢复曲线为直线型的低产碳酸盐岩井，即井中含水层裂隙平均宽度＜5mm的井，酸处理效果也很好，被调查3眼这类井的单位涌水量增加值平均为423％；水位恢复曲线为缓慢上翘型的井中，部分含水层裂隙被松散物充填的井，采用特殊的酸处理方法处理后，井的单位涌水量可增加100％。另外，采用适当的方法，使用足够数量的酸进行首次酸处理后，水井再进行酸处理一般效果都很差。     

单缸柴油机双喷油器燃烧系统

对单缸柴油机双喷油器直喷燃烧系统进行了研究，分析了供油系统油管分叉夹角及截面收缩比、燃烧室油线布置及几何形状的优化原则。采用该燃烧系统，可增加燃油喷注在燃烧室内的自由贯穿长度，减少对进气涡流的依赖，促进混合气形成和燃烧；可降低气缸盖及活塞的热负荷；由于进、排气门中心线与气缸中心线处于同一平面，故气门流通面积大，可以改善进排气流动性能；可实现先缓后急的喷油规律。     

车载式拖拉机座椅舒适性测试系统的研究

应用美国模拟器件公司的ADXL105微型力平衡式加速度传感器、美国Cygnal公司F320型单片机组成车载式拖拉机座椅舒适性测试系统，系统易标定、成本低、供电方式简单。试验结果表明，在其他条件相同时，拖拉机座椅固有频率只要避开人体敏感的频率范围，座椅的舒适性就能得到明显的改善。     

高含沙水流水轮机转轮的改型与抗磨蚀研究

进行高含沙水流水轮机转轮的改型研究，关键是要从正确确定转轮设计参数和轴面流道型式入手，根据三维水力设计理论，考虑导叶与转轮匹配关系进行叶型设计，针对不同破坏机理选择强磨蚀区采用金属喷涂或非金属保护等综合措施，使水轮机在高舍沙水流中运行时出力增加、抗磨蚀能力提高。     

联合收获机前进速度模糊控制系统多目标遗传优化

针对联合收获机前进速度模糊控制系统参数设计具有主观性,导致作业性能不理想的问题,以切纵流联合收获机样机为研究对象,构建联合收获机前进速度模糊控制系统仿真模型,并建立控制性能和收获性能的优化目标函数来衡量联合收获机的作业性能,利用多目标遗传算法对模糊控制系统的隶属函数和输送槽、割台螺旋输送器和切流滚筒对前进速度的影响因子进行优化。通过对优化前后模型仿真对比和两组田间试验数据分析,表明优化后的控制系统在受外界干扰情况下控制性能得到了较好的保持,收获性能在喂入量变化不大情况下,单位平均损失率分别由1.45%和1.26%降至1.12%和1.14%,联合收获机的总体作业性能得到改善。     

基于GIS的黄河下游分布式水资源模拟

分布式水文模型是水文界研究的焦点问题之一。该研究选用黄河下游流域作为典型研究流域，应用ARC／INFO技术和遥感信息、国内最新水资源调查资料和我国自行开发的LL-Ⅱ分布式水文模型对流域的水资源量进行模拟计算。黄河下游流域内主河道由于泥沙的不断淤积属于典型的地上悬河，而且该地区随着经济的不断发展，人类活动对水资源的影响日益显著，尤其是跨流域调水的影响。本研究充分考虑各种人类活动对水资源的影响，对径流过程进行连续模拟，并取得了较好的模拟结果。     

小型农村水利改革思路

在分析小型农村水利的特点和性质的基础上,理清了小型农村水利改革的思路。认为：小型农村水利具有工程小、数量多、分布面广,地位重要但易受忽视,涉及范围广、服务功能多、公用性、垄断性、群众性、政策性、公益性、系统性和整体性强,季节使用、经营管理难等特点。改革的核心要按照“谁受益,谁负担,谁投资,谁所有”的原则,组建用水合作组织,明晰所有权。改革的关键是把所有权与经营管理权分开,采用灵活多样的形式加强经营管理。改革的实质是建设与管理制度改革,不能简单理解为“产权制度改革”。     

Farmer's perspective on irrigation performance

Of the many client groups with interests in irrigation system performance, farmers are probably the least often considered. This paper attempts to explore the meaning of irrigation performance from their perspective, highlighting at the outset basic difference between this perspective and that of system managers. It then reviews several important concepts underlying a consideration of performance in irrigation systems. The paper then proposes and discusses a set of twelve measures of irrigation service judged to be of interest to farmers. These are adequacy, timeliness, equity, tractability, convenience, predictability, temperature, sediment content, salt content, nutrient content, toxics, and pathogens.     

Effects of arrangement of surge-rootirrigation emitters on growth,yield andwater use efficiency of apple trees

Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment. The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards. There were three factors: the buried depth H( 25,40,55 cm),the horizontal distance L( 30,40,60 cm) between the emitters and the trunk of the experimental tree,and the number of the irrigation emitters N( 1,2,4). The effect of the arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on the growth,yield and irrigation water use efficiency( IWUE) of apple trees were studied in Northern Shaanxi where the irrigation quota takes 60%-75% of the field water capacity. The results showed that the arrangement of emitters for surge-root irrigation had a significant effect on apple tree yield and IWUE,especially,the yield and IWUE reached 28 388. 17 kg/hm2 and 16. 83 kg/m3 in treatment T3,respectively. At the same L and N levels( T1,T2,and T3),the yield and IWUE in treatment T3 were the highest,and the yields in treatments T1 and T2 were decreased by 26.22% and 31.48%,while IWUE is reduced by14.02% and 18.12% compared with T3,respectively. At the same H and N levels( T3,T4,and T5),the yield and IWUE of apple trees were decreased with increasing L level. Especially,when L was 30 cm( T3),the yield and IWUE were the highest. The same L and H levels( T3,T6,and T7) could promote the growth of apple trees when N was 2( T3). Compared with treatment T3,it was found that the increment of new shoots was decreased by 8.07%-18.71%,and the fruit diameter was decreased by 5.41%-9.11%. Therefore,two emitters should be arranged symmetrically on both sides of an apple tree,each was buried at a 40 cm depth and 30 cm away from the trunk of the tree to effectively improve the yield and IWUE of the apple tree in mountainous areas in Northern Shaanxi.     

提高务工农民人力资本的对策分析

农村人力资源开发最有效、最直接的方法是加强农村教育。为此，针对中国当前农民工素质偏低、阻碍农村富余劳动力转移的情况．立足于黑龙江省现实．从完善农村综合教育体制改革的角度出发，对提高农民工人力资本进行了研究。