Broodstock spawning and larviculture of whiting (Merlangius merlangus L.) reared in captivity

In recent years, an increasing interest in the farming of marine ‘white’ fish, such as cod, has been observed in the aquaculture industry. One species being considered for aquaculture development is whiting (Merlangius merlangus L.). With little data being available on the domestication of this species, our study aimed to characterize spawning behaviour and rhythmicity in captive broodstock and provide original data on egg incubation, embryonic development and larval rearing. The results observed through video recording showed that spawning mainly occurred at night with active courtship behaviour. Daily egg batches were collected from two separate spawning seasons, with an average fertilization success declining from 77% to 53%. Time to hatch was inversely related to the incubation temperature and occurred after 78 degree‐days (9 days at 8 °C), with emerging larvae ranging in size from 3.3 to 3.46 mm total length and hatch success ranging from 48.3% to 99.9%. In comparison with a clear water environment, a green water regime during the first days of larval rearing significantly improved larval growth and survival. These results are the first to describe spawning activity, early development and larval performances in whiting and are promising for the potential future development of whiting aquaculture.     

Limnology of Macrobrachium amazonicum grow‐out ponds subject to high inflow of nutrient‐rich water and different stocking and harvest management

We evaluated the water characteristics and particle sedimentation in Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller 1862) grow‐out ponds supplied with a high inflow of nutrient‐rich water. Prawns were subject to different stocking and harvesting strategies: upper‐graded juveniles, lower‐graded juveniles, non‐graded juveniles+selective harvesting and traditional farming (non‐grading juveniles and total harvest only). Dissolved oxygen, afternoon N‐ammonia and N‐nitrate and soluble orthophosphate were lower in the ponds in comparison with inflow water through the rearing cycle. Ponds stocked with the upper population fraction of graded prawns showed higher turbidity, total suspended solids and total Kjeldahl nitrogen than the remaining treatments. An increase in the chemical oxygen demand:biochemical oxygen demand ratio from inlet (4.9) to pond (7.1–8.0) waters indicated a non‐readily biodegradable fraction enhancement in ponds. The sedimentation mean rate ranged from 0.08 to 0.16 mm day^?1 and sediment contained >80% of organic matter. The major factors affecting pond ecosystem dynamic were the organic load (due to primary production and feed addition) and bioturbation caused by stocking larger animals. Data suggest that M. amazonicum grow‐out in ponds subjected to a high inflow of nutrient‐rich water produce changes in the water properties, huge accumulation of organic sediment at the pond bottom and non‐readily biodegradable material in the water column. However, the water quality remains suitable for aquaculture purposes. Therefore, nutrient‐rich waters, when available, may represent a source of unpaid nutrients, which may be incorporated into economically valued biomass if managed properly.     

基于冠层温度的温室葡萄CWSI模型试验研究

探讨并建立了适合于镇江丘陵地区温室葡萄水分状况监测的作物水分胁迫指数(CWSI)模型.通过田间实验和观测,得到了适合温室葡萄的CWSI经验模型中的经验关系.初步的检验和分析表明,这一模型是合理的,可以用于温室内葡萄基于冠层温度信息的水分状况监测.     

大黄鱼幼鱼内陆可控生态精养技术初探

采用可控生态精养技术在内陆养殖大黄鱼幼苗,经过166 d养殖,大黄鱼平均体重由0.1 g增至48.1 g,平均体长由1.5 cm增至16.5 cm,饲料系数0.97,存活率44.1%,养殖过程实现零换水,零用药。     

看水越冬及其生物学分析

根据黑龙江、吉林地区数十个鱼类越冬池的实测数据 ,从水色、透明度、浮游生物与水体溶氧间的相互关系 ,总结如下规律 :1 水体透明度与浮游植物量负相关 ,与浮游动物量正相关。透明度 <5 0cm者 ,浮游植物丰富而极少浮游动物 ,一般氧气充足 ;透明度 >80cm者 ,多滤食性浮游动物 ,浮游植物少 ,一般溶氧量较低。越冬池透明度以 5 0～ 70cm为宜。 2 根据水体透明度可了解越冬池营养盐的丰欠 ,在越冬中、后期“肥水 (浮游植物多 )易缺肥而瘦水 (浮游动物多 )不易缺肥”。 3 目测冰下水体中鱼类的活动状况和兼测水温变化 ,可为池鱼越冬效果预测提供重要依据     

Effect of carbon/nitrogen ratio manipulation in feed supplements on Artemia production and water quality in solar salt ponds in the Mekong Delta,Vietnam

The effect of carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio manipulation in feed supplements on Artemia production and water quality was investigated in solar salt ponds in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. It was assumed that development of bacterial bioflocs through C/N manipulation would improve Artemia production and water quality as demonstrated in freshwater and marine aquaculture. Twelve ponds were used for three treatments and the control, in triplicates. Green water (GW) was supplied to all ponds, with the standard Vietnamese procedure of supplying GW and chicken manure (CM) as the control (C/N 1.8). Treatment ponds were supplemented with tapioca (TAP) as carbon source, combined with either CM, pig manure (PM) or rice bran (RB), with C/N ratios of 7.4, 10.5 or 20.1 respectively. After 6 weeks of culture, no single treatment supported both improved water quality and enhanced Artemia production. Overall, improved water quality was observed at C/N 20.1 and higher Artemia production at C/N 7.4. Although external field factors could have interfered with the set‐up, this is the first study on the effect of C/N manipulation in feed supplements in Artemia pond production systems and provides the basis for development of bacterial bioflocs as a technology to improve water quality and Artemia production.     

水样中氮磷营养盐含量的稳定性及保存方法比较研究

对淡水和海水水样4个氮磷营养盐参数(NH3-N、NO2-N、NO3-N、PO4-P)的6种保存方法进行了对比研究。试验结果显示,对于淡水水样的NH3-N、PO4-P和海水水样的NH3-N、NO3-N在各保存时间的变化幅度,6种方法间有显著差异;在10d内,4℃加5ml/L氯仿处理,在针对氮磷营养盐测定的水样的保存上是有效的方法。     

Seasonal changes in proteolytic enzymes of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata (Temminck & Schlegel; Carangidae) fed extruded diets containing different protein and energy levels

Seasonal variations in pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities and protein digestibility were studied in yellowtails (Seriola quinqueradiata) reared for 1 year with extruded diets containing different levels of protein. Trypsin and chymotrypsin storage levels in the digestive tissues of starved fish were affected by seasonal changes in water temperature. Actual digestion activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin were low at lower water temperatures, but pepsin activity in the stomach tissue was not affected by low temperatures. On the other hand, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the intestinal contents were higher during lower water temperature months, while pepsin activity in the stomach contents was low at lower water temperatures. Apparent protein digestibility (APD) did not differ among the dietary treatments in the higher water temperature months, while in colder months it was higher in fish fed diet 1 than in fish fed diets 2 and 3. The APD values reflected pepsin activity in the stomach contents in all sampling months. Therefore, lower APD in colder months seems to be attributed to lower protease activity in the gastric digesta, implying that enhanced pepsin secretion from the stomach tissue might improve protein digestibility and growth performance in yellowtails during winter.     

宁夏灵武西大沟水质变化与回灌的可行性研究

针对宁夏灵武西大沟的排水量与水质的年变化,结合当地的种植制度,研究了沟水回灌对土壤、作物的影响程度,分析了沟水回灌的可行性,为当地的沟水回灌利用提供科学依据。     

周期性盐度波动对凡纳滨对虾游离氨基酸含量及渗透调节相关基因表达的影响

在实验室条件下,以盐度30为对照组(S0),4 d为1个盐度波动周期,研究了幅度为4(S4)和10(S10)的周期性盐度波动对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)稚虾离子通道和水通道相关基因表达、游离氨基酸(FAA)含量及其FAA代谢相关基因表达的影响。结果发现:(1)在盐度波动条件下,凡纳滨对虾离子通道相关基因Na~+/K~+-ATPaseα(NKAα)、Na~+/K~+-ATPaseβ(NKAβ)、碳酸酐酶(CA)、V型H~+-ATPase 1(VHA 1)表达量随盐度波动幅度的增加而极显著升高(P0.01);S4组对虾Na~+/H~+交换因子(NHE)和F型H~+-ATPase 1(FHA 1)表达量显著高于S0和S10组(P0.05);而Cl-通道蛋白(CLC)表达量在各组间差异不显著(P0.05);(2)周期性盐度波动极显著影响凡纳滨对虾水通道蛋白(AQP 4)的基因表达(P0.01),其表达量随盐度波动幅度的升高而下降;(3)周期性盐度波动对凡纳滨对虾肌肉中FAA总量无显著影响(P0.05);鳃中FAA总量随盐度波动幅度的增加而显著升高(P0.05),各组甘氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸等含量存在显著差异(P0.05)。(4)与S0组相比,S10组对虾的丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)表达量极显著升高,S4和S10组对虾的氨基转移酶(AMT)、脯氨酸脱氢酶(PDH)基因表达量极显著降低(P0.01)。实验结果初步表明,周期性盐度波动条件下,凡纳滨对虾渗透调控在转录水平上产生积极响应,且随着盐度波动幅度的增大,对虾的渗透适应性调控水平升高。在盐度波动幅度达到10时,凡纳滨对虾仍能维持体内的渗透平衡,说明其具有较强的耐受盐度波动的能力。