冬小麦叶片水势、气孔阻力、蒸腾速率与环境因素的关系

本文依据田间试验资料,分析了冬小麦叶片水势、气孔阻力和蒸腾速率在不同土壤基质势条件下的日变化规律,探讨了其与土壤基质势和天气条件(光照强度、净辐射、饱和差、气温)之间的关系,建立了叶片水势、气孔阻力、蒸腾速率与环境因素间的定量关系式。     

牧草抗旱机理与节水灌溉技术研究

在干旱、半干旱地区，牧草因长期处于亏水环境中，形成了一定的抗性，存在一个较宽的对水分利用相对较高的生理耗水阈值。木文从这一水分生理角度出发，在充分研究牧草生理生态适旱系列变化过程的基础上，确定了几种干旱半干旱草地的经济耗水量，并制定出相应的经济灌溉制度。     

棉籽制油蒸炒工艺的自动控制与研究

介绍一种棉籽制油自动控制系统以及用于制油工艺中的检测和控制方法。在加工过程中，它可以自动调节给水量和蒸炒温度这两个重要参数，使棉籽饼内的残油率有明显降低，同时节能效果也很显著。     

Varietal differences in phenolic content and astringency in skin and flesh of hardy kiwifruit resources in Japan

Varietal differences in the total phenolic content and astringency in the skin and flesh were determined among the cultivars and local collections of hardy kiwifruit with a ploidy variance found in Japan. The average values of the total phenolic content in the skin and flesh were 2.66 and 0.18 g 100 g⁻¹ FW, respectively. There were large varietal differences in the total phenolic content in the skin in the range of 1.3–5.0 g 100 g⁻¹ FW. Kochi (tetraploid), while Gassan and ‘Mitsuko’ (hexaploid) contained a larger amount of total phenolics. High astringency was found in Gassan, ‘Mitsuko’ and ‘Hoko’ (hexaploids) and Kochi. HPLC analysis showed that the major components of phenolics in the flesh were (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, (−)-epicatechin and quercetin.     

Effect of ABA,arginine and sucrose on protein content of date palm somatic embryos

Abscisic acid (ABA), arginine and sucrose were evaluated for their effects on the morphology, germination rates and protein content of date palm somatic embryos (SE). Different concentrations of these supplements in the culture medium were used. The comparative study of SE length and thickness between treated and untreated SE revealed no differences, except for ABA (20 μM), which increased thickness. A decrease of water content (WC) in favor of an increase in dry weight (DW) was observed in all treated SE, especially with sucrose (90 g l⁻¹) and ABA (20 μM). Only ABA (20 and 4 μM) caused a proliferation rate of the cultures higher than those in the control. Although all the tested compounds increased protein content, ABA (20 μM) was more effective in protein enrichment than arginine and sucrose treatments. The SDS-PAGE protein profiles showed a significant difference between treated and untreated SE. A protein band of 22 kDa, identified as glutelin in a previous work, was accumulated after treatment with 20 μM ABA or 3 mM arginine. These findings may contribute to further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of specific storage proteins in several plants.     

Does root-sourced ABA play a role for regulation of stomata under drought in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

The Andean seed crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is traditionally grown under drought and other adverse conditions that constrain crop production in the Andes, and it is regarded as having considerable tolerance to soil drying. The objective of this research was to study how chemical and hydraulic signalling from the root system controlled gas exchange in a drying soil in quinoa. It was observed that during soil drying, relative g_s and photosynthesis A_max (drought stressed/fully watered plants) equalled 1, until the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) decreased to 0.82 ± 0.152 and 0.33 ± 0.061, respectively, at bud formation, indicating that photosynthesis was maintained after stomata closure. The relationship between relative g_s and relative A_max at bud formation was represented by a logarithmic function (r² = 0.79), which resulted in a photosynthetic water use efficiency WUE_Amax_/gs$\text{WU}{\text{E}}_{A_{\text{max}}/g_{\text{s}}}$ of 1 when FTSW > 0.8, and increased by 50% with soil drying to FTSW 0.7–0.4. Mild soil drying slightly increased ABA in the xylem. It is concluded that during soil drying, quinoa plants have a sensitive stomatal closure, by which the plants are able to maintain leaf water potential (ψ_l) and A_max, resulting in an increase of WUE. Root originated ABA plays a role in stomata performance during soil drying. ABA regulation seems to be one of the mechanisms utilised by quinoa when facing drought inducing decrease of turgor of stomata guard cells.     

基于计算机视觉技术的番茄叶片叶绿素含量的检测

 研究利用计算机视觉技术快速测定叶绿素含量的方法,建立了根据番茄叶片颜色特征确定其叶绿素含量的一元二次拟合模型。在计算机视觉图像采集系统中采集番茄叶片图像,利用MATLAB图像处理工具提取图像的颜色特征参数,对颜色特征参数和番茄功能叶叶绿素含量做相关分析,建立回归模型。结果表明：RGB颜色系统的R/G、(G-R)/(G+R)、G-R、色度坐标r、r-g及HIS颜色系统的H值均与叶绿素含量呈极显著非线性相关性,可用于测定番茄叶片叶绿素含量。从建立的6组模型中筛选出拟合度较高的3组模型进行检验,预测误差在0～22.22%之间。用预测精度最高的G-R颜色特征预测叶绿素含量的模型为Chl.a = 0.0926 + 0.1208 (G-R) - 0.0009 (G-R)²,Chl b = - 0.0252 + 0.0397 (G-R) - 0.0003 (G-R)²和Chl.(a+b) = 0.1271 + 0.1600 (G-R) - 0.0011 (G-R)²。     

土壤含水量对茴香植株生长及精油含量和组分的影响

 采用控制浇水量的方法设计土壤(相对含水量为低44.46%±1.22%~52.84%±2.34%）、中（59.75%±3.11%~77.85%±3.47%）、高（75.24%±3.24%~99.27%±5.67%）3个范围,研究土壤含水量对茴香生长与精油含量及其组分的影响。结果表明,随着土壤含水量的升高,茴香株高、植株节数、根干质量、地上部干质量、全株干质量、全碳含量、单株精油产量和叶绿素a/叶绿素b均随之升高,而根冠比、全氮含量、蛋白氮含量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量和类胡萝卜素含量均随之下降;中土壤含水量的植株花序数、精油含量和可溶性糖含量较高,低和高土壤含水量的则较低;不同土壤含水量处理茴香植株,其精油共鉴定出22种成分,除α-蒎烯、香桧烯、β-蒎烯、γ-萜品烯、萜品油烯、肉豆蔻醚6种成分相对含量差异不显著外,其余16种成分相对含量均表现出显著或极显著差异;随着土壤含水量的增大,精油的第一主要成分反式—茴香脑含量呈升高趋势,低、中、高3个含水量处理的含量依次为41.34%、53.87%和62.97%,第二主要成分柠檬烯含量与反式—茴香脑含量变化相反,其3个含水量处理依次为44.77%、34.77%和22.16%。因此,低土壤含水量处理相对有利于茴香柠檬烯的积累,而高土壤含水量处理相对有利于反式-茴香脑的积累。     

Upscaling as ecological information transfer: a simple framework with application to Arctic ecosystem carbon exchange

Transferring ecological information across scale often involves spatial aggregation, which alters information content and may bias estimates if the scaling process is nonlinear. Here, a potential solution, the preservation of the information content of fine-scale measurements, is highlighted using modeled net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of an Arctic tundra landscape as an example. The variance of aggregated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), measured from an airborne platform, decreased linearly with log(scale), resulting in a linear relationship between log(scale) and the scale-wise modeled NEE estimate. Preserving three units of information, the mean, variance and skewness of fine-scale NDVI observations, resulted in upscaled NEE estimates that deviated less than 4% from the fine-scale estimate. Preserving only the mean and variance resulted in nearly 23% NEE bias, and preserving only the mean resulted in larger error and a change in sign from CO₂ sink to source. Compressing NDVI maps by 70–75% using wavelet thresholding with the Haar and Coiflet basis functions resulted in 13% NEE bias across the study domain. Applying unique scale-dependent transfer functions between NDVI and leaf area index (LAI) decreased, but did not remove, bias in modeled flux in a smaller expanse using handheld NDVI observations. Quantifying the parameters of statistical distributions to preserve ecological information reduces bias when upscaling and makes possible spatial data assimilation to further reduce errors in estimates of ecological processes across scale.