2004年黑龙江省新城疫病毒分子流行病学分析

2004年从黑龙江省部分鸡场疑似新城疫(ND)病死鸡和鸽体内分离到9株NDV。对这9株NDV生物学特性进行测定,并对其F基因包括裂解位点在内的540bp片段进行了克隆、测序和同源性分析。结果表明,9株NDV鸡胚平均死亡时间(MDT)和1日龄雏鸡脑内接种致病指数(ICPI)分别在47.8h～78.4h和1.51～2.00之间;8个分离株在F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸顺序为112RRQKRF117,1个分离株F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸顺序为112RRQRRF117,表明了它们全为ND中、强毒株。同源性分析显示,9株NDV分离株之间核苷酸与推导的氨基酸同源性分别为79.7%～99.7%和79.8%～100%;系统发生树分析表明,6株分离株与台湾株(TW98、TW99和TW2000等)遗传距离较近,可能有共同的起源,为基因Ⅶe型NDV,2株为鸽源NDV基因Ⅵ型,1株与我国特有的F48E9遗传距离最近,为基因Ⅸ型NDV。     

南瓜病毒病接种条件和抗性生理生化指标的研究

通过单因素试验,研究了接种浓度、温度、苗龄对南瓜病毒病接种效果的影响,筛选出南瓜苗期最佳抗性鉴定方法,即植株在子叶期或1片真叶期,25℃,稀释2倍时接种最好,用此法对55份试验材料进行抗性鉴定,筛选出抗性材料5份,17份中抗材料。用一份中抗材料南瓜苗期接种西瓜花叶病毒2号(WMV-2),分析电导率、多酚氧化酶(PP0)、叶绿素含量的变化。结果表明,接种后电导率、PPO活性均是接种植株高于健康植株,而叶绿素含量是接种植株低于健康植株。     

烤烟与小麦套作和地膜覆盖对烤烟马铃薯Y病毒病发病率的影响

为了探索烤烟马铃薯Y病毒病（PVY）的有效防控措施,于2007～2008年在贵州省瓮安县分别对小麦与烤烟套作和地膜覆盖2种不同的栽培方式下的烤烟PVY发病率和病情指数进行研究。结果表明,烤烟与小麦套作能极显著降低烤烟的PVY发病率,与双行小麦双行烟相比,双行小麦单行烟栽培方式对防治烤烟PVY效果更好;地膜覆盖栽培较常规露地栽培能显著降低烤烟的PVY发病率。小麦与烤烟套作和地膜覆盖是防治烤烟PVY的有效手段,值得大面积推广。     

表达Ⅰ型鸭病毒性肝炎病毒VP1蛋白重组腺病毒的构建

为构建表达Ⅰ型鸭病毒性肝炎病毒(DHV-I)VP1蛋白的重组腺病毒,本实验采用RT-PCR方法扩增DHV-Ⅰ HP-1株VP1基因,克隆于腺病毒穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV中,并将其电转化于含腺病毒pAdeasy骨架质粒的大肠杆菌BJ5183中,通过同源重组制备含有重组腺病毒的质粒.重组质粒经PacⅠ酶切线性化后转染AD293细胞,获得重组腺病毒(rAd-VP1).间接免疫荧光和western blot鉴定结果显示,DHV-Ⅰ的VP1蛋白在重组腺病毒感染的AD293中获得表达.rAd-VP1的制备为鸭免疫实验效果评价奠定了基础.     

Serotype- and serogroup-specific detection of African horsesickness virus using phage displayed chicken scFvs for indirect double antibody sandwich ELISAs

There is an ongoing need for standardized, easily renewable immunoreagents for detecting African horsesickness virus (AHSV). Two phage displayed single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies, selected from a semi-synthetic chicken antibody library, were used to develop double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISAs) to detect AHSV. In the DAS-ELISAs, the scFv previously selected with directly immobilized AHSV-3 functioned as a serotype-specific reagent that recognized only AHSV-3. In contrast, the one selected with AHSV-8 captured by IgG against AHSV-3 recognized all nine AHSV serotypes but not the Bryanston strain of equine encephalosis virus. Serving as evidence for its serogroup-specificity. These two scFvs can help to rapidly confirm the presence of AHSV while additional serotype-specific scFvs may simplify AHSV serotyping.     

猪痘病毒江西株(SWPV-JX01株)的分离鉴定

本试验利用PK15细胞从江西省某猪场疑似猪痘的保育猪皮肤痘痂中分离到1株病毒,该分离毒株在PK15单层细胞上能连续盲传培养,不产生明显的细胞病变,通过PCR扩增猪痘病毒P35基因,扩增序列与猪痘病毒参考株(AF410153.1)P35基因的核苷酸同源性为97.9%,表明该分离病毒为猪痘病毒,并命名为SWPV-JX01。将SWPV-JX01株F5代细胞培养液经肌肉和皮下注射感染兔和小鼠,人工感染80 h后,通过PCR检测不同组织的猪痘病毒P35基因,从兔的肾脏、脾脏、皮肤、心肌、淋巴结均能扩增到P35基因,且扩增序列与SWPV-JX01株同源性为100%。试验结果表明,SWPV-JX01株能在兔体内增殖,但不能在昆明鼠体内增殖。     

浅谈鸡传染性贫血

本文介绍了由鸡传染性贫血病病毒侵害雏鸡骨髓、胸腺和法氏囊导致免疫抑制的一种疾病——鸡传染性贫血病,系统论述了自1979年以来国内外学者对该病病原、流行状况、临床诊断、病原学诊断、防治措施的研究概况.     

复方金银花对鸡体内NDV分布的影响

选用1日龄雏鸡,无污染环境饲养21 d后,随机分成感染组、中药治疗组、空白组。中药治疗组饮水给予复方金银花制剂。以单克隆抗体介导的免疫组化（IHC）法检测攻毒鸡体内NDV抗原的分布及定位,以确定复方金银花对新城疫病毒感染鸡的组织嗜性的影响。结果显示,感染组和中药治疗组鸡的16个组织器官中均能检测到NDV抗原,病毒以气管、肺脏、十二指肠、空肠等器官中分布为最高。复方金银花对新城疫的组织损伤有一定的保护作用,可缩短组织修复的时间。     

Actions of BW540C in an equine model of acute inflammation: A preliminary study

Summary

An equine model of acute non‐immune inflammation has been developed to facilitate studies of the inflammatory process and the actions of novel anti‐inflammatory drugs. Five polyester sponge strips soaked in sterile 2% carrageenin solution were placed in subcutaneous pouches prepared under local anaesthesia in the necks of conscious ponies. Serial removal of the strips and harvesting of the exudate enabled studies to be made of the cellular, biochemical and mediator aspects of the localised, acute inflammation, and the heat generated by the lesion was monitored by infra‐red thermometry. Maximal concentrations of the eicosanoids 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F_1α, thromboxane B₂ and leukotriene B, occurred at 9 h, whereas leukocyte numbers, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total protein concentrations were greatest at 24 h. Lesional skin temperature was increased by approximately 4°C throughout the 24 h period. The novel anti‐inflammatory agent BW540C, administered orally at a dose‐rate of 20 mg/kg, did not affect leukocyte infiltration or the concentrations of protein, LDH and eicosanoids in exudate but serum thromboxane B₂ levels were reduced. Skin temperature rises were greater in drug‐treated animals.

It is concluded that higher doses of BW540C will be required for a clinically useful anti‐inflammatory action in horses.     

The hygienic treatment of turkey eggs by dipping in an antibiotic and disinfectant solution

Summary

At the hatchery, in order to reduce bacterial infections in one‐day‐old chicks, turkey eggs are routinely dipped by the direct pressure difference method into a solution consisting of:

tylosin tartrate 2500 ppm

ampicillin sodium 1000 ppm

alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride 150 ppm

alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride 150 ppm

This dipping process was studied in more detail and the experiments allowed of drawing the following conclusions: 1. After 8 hours of use on three consecutive days the tylosin concentiation had hardly decreased, the concentration of ampicillin dropped to approximately 65% and the concentration of quaternary ammonium compounds to 33%.

2. Bacteria were isolated from the fluid only at the time of final sampling (Bacillus subtilis). All other bacteriological investigations of the dipping solution showed negative results.

3. The treatment did not appear to influence hatchhability.

4. The mortality in the first week of life of poults from treated eggs was significantly lower than of poults from untreated eggs.