转座子mini-Tn10介导的运动突变对溶藻弧菌毒力的影响

采用转座子mini-Tn10/Km构建了致病性溶藻弧菌的突变库,采用半固体双层平板初筛到73株运动缺陷突变株,初筛的突变株纯化及重复筛选后获得运动性缺陷表型稳定的突变株ND-01MM,Southern鉴定确定其为单位点插入。野生型菌株ND-01和运动缺陷突变株ND-01MM对致病性溶藻弧菌的天然宿主大黄鱼粘液的趋化、粘附以及在大黄鱼吞噬细胞内存活能力等生理功能的比较研究发现,溶藻弧菌运动缺陷后趋化及粘附能力均极显著下降(P<0.01),但在吞噬细胞内的存活能力则与野生型菌株差异不显著(P>0.05)。采用腹腔注射和浸泡两种方式感染大黄鱼,结果发现运动缺陷对浸泡感染的影响较为明显,但对腹腔注射的感染方式影响不大。     

布鲁菌介导细胞自噬的研究进展

布鲁菌是布鲁菌病的病原体,在世界范围内给养殖业带来巨大损失.自噬是细胞的一种代谢方式,细胞在自噬相关基因的调控下清除细胞内病原微生物和吞噬降解受损、衰老细胞器及大分子物质,以维持机体内环境平衡.布鲁菌入侵细胞后,能够诱发细胞自噬,而这一复杂的过程需要很多细胞因子的参与,探究布鲁菌引发的细胞自噬已成为揭示布鲁菌致病机制的...     

磷酸甘油转移酶基因在水稻白叶枯病菌致病力中的作用研究

稻黄单胞菌稻致病变种(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae,Xoo)引起的水稻白叶枯病,是水稻上的重要致灾病害之一。前期基因组学分析发现,Xoo菌株PXO99^A的PXO＿04062基因可能编码一个磷酸甘油转移酶,推测与病原菌的致病力有关。本研究采用自杀质粒pK18mobsacB介导的方法,构建了该基因的缺失突变体,并对突变体进行了反式互补。水稻上致病性测定发现,与野生型菌株相比,PXO＿04062基因的缺失突变体DM04062在寄主水稻日本晴上的致病力显著下降,并且其胞外多糖产量、运动性、生物膜形成等均明显降低。进一步采用RNA-seq方法比较突变体转录组的变化,发现突变体中的差异表达基因共有533个,其中包括多个致病相关基因,如胞外多糖合成和细胞运动性等相关基因。与野生型相比,这些基因在突变体中的表达均显著下调。这些结果说明,白叶枯病菌的磷酸甘油转移酶基因是通过影响多种致病力相关因子的合成,来影响病菌在水稻上的致病力。     

黄颡鱼暴发性流行病病原的分离鉴定及其3种毒力基因检测

为查明黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)暴发性流行病的病原菌及其3种毒力基因的携带情况,以常规方法进行细菌分离,人工感染试验确定病原菌的致病性,API 20NE和16S rRNA基因序列分析进行细菌鉴定,PCR扩增法检测病原菌的3种毒力基因。结果显示,从发病症状典型的黄颡鱼肝脏中分离到1株嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)GXGP1,与嗜水气单胞菌标准株ATCC 7966T的同源性为99.9%,对黄颡鱼有很强致病力,是引起黄颡鱼暴发性流行病的病原菌,该菌携带有Aer、hly和ahp 3种毒力基因。     

First isolation of Tenacibaculum maritimum from wedge sole, Dicologoglossa cuneata (Moreau)

The first isolation of Tenacibaculum maritimum from wedge sole, Dicologoglossa cuneata, is reported. The pathogen was recovered from ulcers of cultured fish, from three different outbreaks. The six isolates obtained were biochemically and serologically characterized and diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The isolates constituted a homogeneous phenotypic group; however, they belong to two of the different serotypes described within this species. A virulence evaluation of the isolates using Wedge sole fry was also performed.     

河流弧菌在天然海水与人工海水中的饥饿效应

对数生长期河流弧菌分别悬浮于天然海水和人工海水后于28℃进行饥饿试验.在饥饿初期,两种海水中河流弧菌的总菌数、活菌数、菌落形成单位数都明显上升,但天然海水中的河流弧菌生长时间持续更久、增长幅度也更大;饥饿中、后期,总菌数都保持稳定,而可培养菌数与活菌数逐渐下降,其中可培养菌数下降幅度高于活菌数,人工海水中的河流弧菌下降幅度高于天然海水.河流弧菌对青石斑鱼表皮粘液的粘附量随着饥饿时间延长先上升后下降.与对数生长期相比,饥饿60 d的可培养细胞对热和紫外线的耐受性提高.饥饿细胞的间接ELISA最低检测限高于对数生长期细胞.通过SDS-PAGE分析菌体蛋白发现饥饿细胞的蛋白质条带减少.腹腔注射饥饿60 d的河流弧菌不会引起小鼠死亡,而对数生长期细胞能够引起小鼠死亡.研究结果表明,河流弧菌能够在温暖的人工海水和天然海水中长时间饥饿存活,但是饥饿细胞的毒力较低.     

稻瘟病菌菌株在寄主上的相互作用研究

作者采用常规的组织分离、单孢分离、孢子培养和接种的方法,研究了稻瘟病菌菌株在14个品种秧苗上的相互作用。结果表明,所有不同来源的单孢菌株间、集团菌株间在中等抗性品种上均有各种类型相互作用。从简化鉴定工作程序和接近病菌在大田存在互作的实际出发,作者建议以不同地区和不同品种的集团菌株混合接种,测定育种早稻材料的抗病性。     

Competition and interactions among stripe rust pathotypes in wheat-cultivar mixtures

A series of experiments was conducted with wheat stripe rust to analyse competition between simple and complex pathotypes in host mixtures. Two different pathotype combinations were tested, with different host components. Each combination included a complex (able to infect two host components) and two simple pathotypes. For one of the combinations, induced resistance was tested in a separate experiment as a possible interaction among pathotypes. Disease severity and pathotype frequencies were measured three times during the epidemic, on each host component grown in pure stands and in mixtures. In one of the experiments, pathotype frequencies were also measured within secondary foci. One of the complex pathotypes appeared to have a low fitness on one of the host components and did not significantly increase in frequency in host mixtures relative to pure stands. The average frequency of the other complex pathotype increased during the first epidemic cycles, but remained stable afterwards, below expected values. The results suggest that the development of complex pathotypes in host mixtures may be influenced by differential aggressiveness on the host components, by induced resistance and by random effects resulting from the formation of disease foci, and depends on pathogen autoinfection rate and dispersal mechanisms.     

球孢白僵菌脂肪酸、酯酶、脂肪酶及其与毒力的关系

研究12株球孢白僵菌脂肪酸、酯酶和脂肪酶的产生水平及菌株对马尾松毛虫毒力间的关系。结果表明：酯酶产生水平（E）、脂肪酶产生水平（L）及豆蔻酸百分含量（X）等与白僵菌菌株对马尾松毛虫的毒力（LT50）间存在一定的相关性，其相关方程分别为：LT50=2．0931/（lgE-5．1165）＋0．4091；LT50=-6．68L^2＋31．9886L；LT50=13．5192-8．7042X。