两栖类早期发育的基因调控

在两栖类受精卵的植物极附近的皮 层下区有一种特殊的细胞质,称为生殖质,卵 裂后凡是含有这种生殖质的卵裂球就是原生 殖细胞,后者在不同动力的作用下以一定方 式进行迁移,最终形成生殖细胞。基因与个 体发育有复杂的关系,据近40年的生物化学 和遗传学的研究证实,基因不直接控制性状 发育,而是控制生化过程,从而影响到个体发 育和分化。文章从基因表达时的不同作用水 平对两栖类早期发育的基因调控进行了综 述,并且阐述了参与发育的基因家族的作用 方式与功能。     

Selection on multiple QTL with control of gene diversity and inbreeding for long-term benefit

The purpose of this study was to develop and investigate selection strategies that aim at maximizing long-term genetic response while conserving gene diversity and controlling inbreeding in populations of limited effective size, assuming complete knowledge of all genes affecting a quantitative trait. Three selection strategies were proposed to select on 100 quantitative trait loci (QTL) and compared with truncation selection on breeding value. Alternative selection strategies aimed at maximizing the average breeding value of parents with a penalty on (1) the number of unfavourable QTL genotypes among parents (OS-I), (2) the negative of the logarithm of the frequency of the favourable allele at each QTL among parents (OS-II), and (3) the average pedigree relationship among parents (OS-III). When all QTL and their effects were known, the strategies examined were able to obtain extra long-term responses, conserve QTL diversity and reduce inbreeding, compared with truncation selection. Strategy OS-II was the most effective in conserving QTL diversity and OS-III in reducing inbreeding. By changing the magnitude of the penalties applied, the impact on long-term response, inbreeding and diversity can be controlled. Extra long-term responses over truncation selection of OS-I and OS-II were even greater when effects of QTL were estimated rather than assumed known, indicating the applicability of results to practical strategies for marker-assisted selection. Extra responses are expected to be reduced for larger population sizes.     

应用逆转录套式PCR检测新城疫病毒核酸

选择DNV融合蛋白保守的编码区域,设计并合成了一对外引物和一对内引物,建立并优化了检测新城疫病毒核酸的逆转录套式PCRI地,通过检测NDV感染的实验客观存在病料和临床病料,结果表明,逆转录套式PCR法最低能鉴别出约0.3pg的NDV RNA,攻毒后第8天还能从非免疫鸡和SPF鸡泄殖腔拭子中检出DNV,第8天非免疫鸡泄殖腔拭子中NDV的最大检出率为5/10,第8天SPF鸡泄殖腔拭子中NDV的最大检出率为6/10,对非免疫鸡和SPF鸡的泄殖腔中NDV最佳检出时间均在攻毒后第5天。逆转录套式PCRY应运地临床样品中DNV的最大检出率为6/7,经核酸杂交验证,该法具有很高的特异性和敏感性,也比较简便快速,为从分子水平探讨NDV的发病机理、临床早期快速诊断提供了新的研究手段。     

Cytokine response in Balb/c mice infected with Francisella tularensis LVS and the Pohang isolate

We investigated the immune response induced by the Francisella (F.) tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) and the Pohang isolate. After the Balb/c mice were infected intradermally (i.d) with 2 × 10⁴ cfu of F. tularensis LVS and Pohang, respectively, their blood and organs were collected at different times; 0, 3, 6, 24, 72, 96, 120 and 168 h after infection. Using these samples, RT-PCR and ELISA analysis were carried out for the comparative study of the cytokines, including TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12. In the Pohang-infected mice at 120 h, the liver showed a 53 times higher level of TNF-α and a 42 times higher level of IFN-γ than the respective levels at the early time points after infection. The levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ induced by LVS were 5 times lower than those induced by the Pohang isolate. Also, the organs from the Pohang-infected mice showed higher levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-12 than the levels in the LVS-infected mice. The blood from the Pohang-infected mice at 120 h revealed about a 40 times increased level of IFN-γ, and IL-10 was also increased by 4 times at 96 h compared to an early infection time point, while IL-4 was not induced during the whole infection period. These results suggest that F. tularensis may induce a Th1-mediated immune response to in vivo infection and the Pohang isolate has a higher capacity than the LVS to induce an acute immune response in Blab/c mice.     

ADSL基因启动子区遗传变异与鸡肉冻藏新鲜度的相关性分析

试验旨在探究鸡腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶（adenylosuccinate lyase,ADSL）基因启动子区多态性及其与鸡肉冻藏新鲜度的相关性。以161只青脚麻鸡为研究对象,通过DNA混池测序法检测ADSL基因启动子区遗传变异。采用等位基因特异性PCR完成个体基因型分析,并分析了各基因型与鸡胸肌肉色、体重及胸肌冷冻60 d后新鲜度K值和pH的相关性。结果显示,在ADSL基因启动子区ATG上游1 670 bp处发现1个SNP位点（c.-1670 C>A）,其AA基因型个体肌肉冷冻60 d后新鲜度K值（23.61%）极显著低于CA（33.00%）和CC（33.56%）基因型（P<0.01）,即冻藏60 d后AA基因型个体肌肉较CA和CC基因型新鲜,CA和CC基因型间新鲜度K值差异不显著（P>0.05）;各基因型间鸡体重、胸肌肉色及胸肌冷冻60 d后pH均无显著差异（P>0.05）。生物信息学预测发现,c.-1670 C>A导致ADSL基因启动子区转录因子结合位点的显著改变,该突变位点可能造成ADSL基因的表达差异。综上,ADSL基因启动子区c.-1670 C>A与青脚麻鸡胸肌冷冻60 d后新鲜度K值具有显著相关性,该位点可作为青脚麻鸡肉品新鲜度的候选分子遗传标记。     

中能中蛋白水平下维生素A、D3对0～6周龄肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

采用3×3随机交叉试验设计,研究中能中蛋白水平下日粮VA、VD3对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。1日龄AA肉仔鸡540只随机分为9组,每组3个重复,每重复20只鸡。3个VA添加水平为3000、6000、12000IU/kg;3个VD3添加水平为200、400、800IU/kg;0～3和4～6周龄基础日粮代谢能、粗蛋白水平分别为12.34MJ/kg,21%;12.76MJ/kg,19%。结果表明:①日粮VA水平对体增重、耗料量、料重比、存活率均无显著影响(P>0.05);②随VD3添加水平的增加,体增重、耗料量、存活率显著增加(P<0.05);③综合考虑生产性能和经济效益,认为0～3和4～6周龄肉仔鸡日粮VA添加量均以3000IU/kg较为适宜,VD3添加量均以800IU/kg较为适宜。     

Amphibian ocular malformation associated with frog virus 3

During an on-going amphibian ecology study, a free-ranging American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) metamorph was captured in a pitfall trap adjacent to a constructed farm pond at the Plateau Research and Education Center (PREC) on the Cumberland Plateau near Crossville, Tennessee, USA. Grossly, the right eye was approximately 50% the size of the left. Stereo and light microscopic examination revealed two granulomas within the orbit. Electron microscopic examination revealed virus particles scattered throughout one structure but mostly aggregated toward the center. Subsequent PCR and sequencing (GenBank accession Number EF175670) confirmed frog virus 3 (FV3). This represents the first report of a malformation in an anuran associated with FV3.     

犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因原核表达质粒的构建

根据已发表的犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因序列,设计1对含有EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ酶切位点的引物。以提取犬新孢子虫虫体基因组DNA为模板,应用PCR扩增获得NcSRS2 ORF基因片段,将此基因片段克隆到pMD18-T Simple载体上,用EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切该片段,回收得到含有两个酶切位点黏端的Nc-SRS2 ORF基因,将此基因片段克隆至相同酶切回收后的PGEM-4T-2原核表达载体中,获得重组质粒pGEX-NcSRS2,经PCR鉴定,限制性内切酶分析和克隆片段序列测定比较,证实了重组质粒的正确性。