莲籽壳仁分离与清选机械设计

目前,莲籽的加工是先切壳、穿芯,再进行分离与清选。由于壳与仁之间的间隙较小(0.1～0.2mm),莲籽穿芯、切壳后,多数壳、仁仍为一体,人工分离与清选难度加大,效率也很低下。为此,设计了莲籽壳仁分离与清选机械,将振动分离、揉搓分离、抛掷分离与气流分离有序结合,实施莲籽混合物中莲芯、碎壳和莲仁的分离与清选;介绍了莲籽壳仁分离与清选机械的主要结构和特点;分析了其工作原理和运动特性;确定了该机械的主要技术参数和经济指标。     

小球藻多糖的分离纯化和组成分析

采用冻结-融化方法,用冷水提取海水小球藻Chlorellasp.多糖,多糖经除蛋白、乙醇分级沉淀、柱层析等一系列步骤处理后,得到组分均一的小球藻多糖(简称CPSB-1)。将CPSB-1完全酸水解,用高效阴离子液相色谱对其溶液进行分析,结果表明:组成多糖CPSB-1的单糖有D-岩藻糖、D-鼠李糖、D-2-氨基葡萄糖、D-半乳糖、D-葡萄糖和几种未知的单糖;各已知糖基的摩尔比为D-岩藻糖∶D-鼠李糖∶D-2-氨基葡萄糖∶D-半乳糖∶D-葡萄糖=1.3∶1.0∶1.4∶1.2∶3.1。     

离地高度可调的减振式履带驱动机构设计

履带式农田作业车由于其优异的通过性与稳定的行驶性能,被广泛使用于南方丘陵地区。针对传统履带底盘采用刚性悬架,无法调节离地高度,行驶时乘坐舒适性较差的问题,设计了一种离地高度可调的减振式履带驱动机构。该机构采用分离式设计,将整个驱动机构分为上层承载架与下层行驶架,通过在上、下层之间设置液压缸与弹性元件,达到在一定区间内调节车辆离地高度与减少车身振动的目的。通过对关键部件进行重点设计,并对其工作过程进行简要分析,该机构在理论上能达到设计要求。     

基于离散元的柔性作物茎秆振动响应仿真

建立考虑柔性作物茎秆振动响应特性的动力学模型,对探索谷草分离机理、分析谷物分离过程和联合收获机参数优化具有重要意义。本文提出考虑柔性作物茎秆振动响应特性的动力学仿真模型,研究了作物茎秆的动力学响应特性。首先,给出了作物柔性茎秆的动力学模型和动力仿真方法;以成熟期小麦第3节间为例,测量了茎秆的内外径、单位质量密度和弹性模量等参数;对茎秆的横向弯曲振动和纵向拉伸振动进行仿真,研究茎秆的动力学响应特性,并与理论计算结果进行比较。通过仿真获得长度108mm、外径3.7mm、内径1.9mm、弹性模量5.27GPa的小麦茎秆的横向振动频率和纵向振动频率分别为164.28、7633.59Hz,与理论计算结果的相对误差分别为0.28%和0.12%。最后,通过谷草分离仿真实验,验证了柔性作物茎秆模型的实用性。     

水生栖热菌FL-03海藻糖合酶的分离纯化及特性研究

将从水生栖热菌FL-03中获得的海藻糖合酶粗酶液经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE Sepharose CL-6B离子交换层析S、ephacryl S-200HR凝胶过滤层析后,纯化68.48倍,产率为18.4%。研究表明:该酶分子量约为101 kD,最适反应温度为60℃,最适pH为7.0,在40~80℃、pH 6.0~9.0范围内具有较高的反应活性和稳定性。Fe3 对该酶具有一定的激活作用,Cu2 、Tris、Zn2 对该酶具有较强的抑制作用。该酶具有高度的底物特异性,只能专一地将麦芽糖转化为海藻糖。在40℃4、8 h条件下,麦芽糖转化为海藻糖的转化率最大可达到79%。     

带分流叶片水泵水轮机转子强度及模态分析

以带分流叶片的水泵水轮机为研究对象,基于CFD与FSI方法分析其泵工况下转子的振动特性,对3种开度即小开度9.8°、最优开度17.5°和大开度24.8°下的流场进行数值模拟,将额定工况下的流场结果导入转子结构实现单向流固耦合,对带预应力的转子模型进行形变与等效应力分析.此外,还计算了转轮的干湿模态,对比分析了不同条件下转轮的振动特性.结果表明:不同开度对应的预应力下转轮形变与等效应力分布规律相似,转轮形变主要发生在上冠低压侧.按ND(节径数)在转轮圆周方向划分振动扇区描述振型规律时发现,各扇区内转轮上冠、下环低压侧的振幅较大.湿模态下水介质对转轮振型影响不大,但会明显降低转轮的振幅.预应力对转轮固有频率影响较小,可忽略不计,但在湿模态下,转轮固有频率会显著下降,这表明分析结构振动特性时应充分考虑水介质作用.     

Screening of Feather Degrading Bacteria and Optimization of Fer-mentation Conditions from Poultry

The purpose of this experiment was to isolate and screen the microorganisms from the soil where chicken feathers were piled for a long time and identify them bi...     

马氏珠母贝蛋白的分离及分子量分布研究

试验结果表明,马氏珠母贝全脏器各分离蛋白组分占总蛋白含量分别为:非蛋白氮1.48%,肌浆蛋白33.20%,肌原纤维蛋白13.14%,碱溶性蛋白21.54%,基质蛋白30.65%;贝肌肉各分离蛋白组分占总蛋白含量分别为:非蛋白氮0.83%,肌浆蛋白26.56%,肌原纤维蛋白18.48%,碱溶性蛋白30.34%,基质蛋白23.79%;马氏珠母贝蛋白氨基酸组成均衡,呈味氨基酸及支链氨基酸含量高,但在各蛋白组分中的含量存在一定差异性.利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)测定的分子量分布结果显示,2种原料蛋白的肌浆蛋白分子量分布范围较宽,集中在200～19 kDa,肌原纤维蛋白分子量分布集中在200～45 kDa,碱溶性蛋白集中分布在41～3 kDa.     

Performance of a closed recirculating system with foam separation, nitrification and denitrification units for intensive culture of eel: towards zero emission

The development of a closed recirculating aquaculture system that does not discharge effluents would reduce a large amount of pollutant load on aquatic bodies. In this study, eel were reared in a closed recirculating system, which consisted of a rearing tank, a foam separation unit, a nitrification unit and a denitrification unit. The foam separation unit has an inhalation-type aerator and supplies air bubbles to the rearing water. The growth of eel, which were fed a commercial diet, was satisfactory, with gross weight increases of up three times in 3 months. The survival rate under the congested experimental conditions was 91%. The foam separation unit maintained oxygen saturation in the rearing water at about 80%. Furthermore, fine colloidal substances were absorbed on the stable foam formed from eel mucus and were removed from the rearing water by foam separation. Ammonia oxidation and the removal of suspended solids were accomplished rapidly and simultaneously in the nitrification unit. The ammonia concentration and turbidity were kept at less than 1.2 mg of N per litre and 2.5 units, respectively. When the denitrification process was operated, nitrate that accumulated in the rearing water (151 mg of N per litre) was reduced to 40 mg of N per litre. The sludge was easily recovered from the nitrification and denitrification tanks, and the components were found suitable as compost. Based on these results, the intensive aquaculture of freshwater fish such as eel can be achieved using a closed recirculating system without emission.     

Functional characterization of Farfantepenaeus californiensis, Litopenaeus vannamei and L. stylirostris haemocyte separated using density gradient centrifugation

Haemocytes from penaeid shrimp (Farfantepenaeus californiensis, Litopenaeus vannamei and L. stylirostris) were separated using a discontinuous Percoll gradient. Shrimp haemocytes were spontaneously adhered to glass, allowing slide preparations for staining and microscopic differential counting. Like other crustaceans, shrimp has three main populations differing in presence and size of cytoplasmic granules and each population seems to be biochemical or functionally compromised. Prophenoloxidase (proPO )activity was mainly located in large granules haemocytes (75%) while the small granules cells participate with 25%, but seem to be responsible for encapsulation. Haemocyte discrimination ability was tested using Sephadex? (Seph?), DEAE‐Seph? and CM‐Seph?. Only DEAE‐Seph? was encapsulated by shrimp haemocytes and provoked the release of proPO activating system, indicating the role of particle charge in the activation of shrimp immune response.