Association analysis for detecting significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance at the seedling stage in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.]

Tolerance to low-phosphorus soil is a desirable trait in soybean cultivars. Previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance were mainly derived from bi-parental segregating populations and few reports from natural population. The objective of this study was to detect QTLs that regulate phosphorus-deficiency tolerance in soybean using association mapping approach. Phosphorus-deficiency tolerance was evaluated according to five traits (plant shoot height, shoot dry weight, phosphorus concentration, phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency) comprising a conditional phenotype at the seedling stage. Association mapping of the conditional phenotype detected 19 SNPs including 13 SNPs that were significantly associated with the five traits across two years. A novel cluster of SNPs, including three SNPs that consistently showed significant effects over two years, that associated with more than one trait was detected on chromosome 3. All favorable alleles, which were determined based on the mean of conditional phenotypic values of each trait over the two years, could be pyramided into one cultivar through parental cross combination. The best three cross combinations were predicted with the aim of simultaneously improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency. These results will provide a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of phosphorus deficiency tolerance in soybean.     

抑霉乳酸菌的筛分及其抑菌特性研究

试验旨在获取生物抑霉的优良菌株以及为质量安全青贮饲料生产提供高效菌剂。从青贮饲料、酸奶以及奶豆腐中分离纯化出乳酸菌和霉菌,并且通过双层平板法对具有抑制霉菌活性的乳酸菌菌株进行筛选,测定其上清液抑霉效果;采用蛋白酶处理和高温处理法分析乳酸菌抑霉的有效成分。结果表明:分离筛选的乳酸菌和霉菌经鉴定为植物乳杆菌和黄曲霉菌,且植物乳杆菌对黄曲霉菌的生长有明显抑制作用。蛋白酶处理对乳酸菌无细胞上清液的抑菌活性有不同影响,而加热处理并不改变其抑菌效果。研究表明,植物乳杆菌对黄曲霉菌生长有明显的抑制作用,推测其抑菌活性物质为蛋白质、肽类等,并且这些抑菌活性物质的热稳定性较高。     

叶面喷施外源物质对黄瓜商品苗贮运质量的影响

为了探究叶面喷施外源物质对黄瓜商品苗贮运质量的提升效果,研究蔬菜育苗生产中常用的寡聚糖、壮苗1号和植物益生源对贮运0、3、6 d黄瓜穴盘苗质量的影响。结果表明:与喷施清水的对照相比,壮苗1号可以抑制幼苗徒长,增加地下部干质量,维持较高的壮苗指数、比叶重和叶绿素含量,而植物益生源和寡聚糖对幼苗各生长指标的影响较小。因此,推荐叶面喷施壮苗1号来提高黄瓜商品苗的贮运质量。     

基于改进GM(1,N)模型的我国大豆价格影响因素分析及预测研究

大豆是我国重要的粮食作物和油料作物,其价格对于国民经济尤其是农业经济的影响意义深远。大豆价格的稳定对于我国大豆市场的健康发展有着重要的现实意义。在灰色理论的基础上,提出了一种改进GM(1,N)大豆价格预测模型,首先运用灰色关联分析法对我国大豆价格的影响因素进行分析,选择主要的影响因素;再将这些影响因素作为模型的相关因素变量,构建GM(1,N)大豆价格预测模型。采用2010-2015年的大豆数据进行实证研究,模型选取国内大豆自给量、世界大豆产量、国民消费价格指数、消费者信心指数4个变量作为相关因素变量;模型预测误差为2.10%,预测精度较高,能够较好地掌握大豆价格的变化规律,可以为大豆价格市场预测及国家宏观政策的制定提供理论指导。     

菜籽油裂解燃料离子液体催化酯化反应降酸工艺的研究

为了降低裂解燃料酸值,增加燃料的稳定性能,将吡啶丁烷磺酸硫酸氢盐应用于菜籽油裂解燃料的酯化反应。考察了催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度等对酸值的影响,并在最佳优化条件下考察了裂解燃料成品的理化性质。结果表明:吡啶丁烷磺酸硫酸氢盐对催化酯化反应具有很高的催化活性。优化工艺条件为:催化剂用量1.2%、反应温度75℃、反应时间70 min,在此工艺条件下,酸值降低到1.0 mgKOH/g以下。     

毛薯的营养成分分析和聚类分析

为选育出优良的毛薯种质,本研究以海南大学薯蓣种质资源圃里的80份毛薯为材料,以河南焦作温县的垆土铁棍山药为对照,采用苯酚硫酸法、考马斯亮蓝法以及蒽酮比色法对其干物质、粗多糖、蛋白、可溶性糖和淀粉含量进行测定和比较分析。结果表明:毛薯的干物质含量介于18.62%~38.88%,粗多糖含量介于2.88%~15.82%、蛋白含量介于5.14%~10.71%、可溶性糖含量介于0.1%~13.84%、淀粉含量介于11.94%~64.28%。与对照山药相比,Ds96所测品质均优于对照,可优先选择推广。此外,毛薯各营养品质之间存在着一定的相关性,干物质与糖类存在显著负相关,与蛋白和淀粉表现为正相关。通过对80份毛薯的营养品质进行聚类分析,在欧式距离为3.17时,可将其分为八类,按类群来看,类群Ⅳ各营养价值适中,其他类群在某些营养上比较优秀,可根据需要进行优良资源选择。      

海南兰科植物新记录

本文报道了海南兰科植物3新记录种,分别是全唇叉柱兰[Cheirostylis takeoi (Hayata) Schltr]、兰屿芋兰（Nervilia lanyuensis S. S. Ying）和台湾隐柱兰（Cryptostylis taiwaniana Masam）。凭证标本存于上海辰山植物园标本馆（CSH）。     

Maize/peanut intercropping increases photosynthetic characteristics, ~(13)C-photosynthate distribution,and grain yield of summer maize

Intercropping is used widely by smallholder farmers in developing countries to increase land productivity and profitability. We conducted a maize/peanut intercropping experiment in the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in Shandong, China. Treatments included sole maize(SM), sole peanut(SP), and an intercrop consisting of four rows of maize and six rows of peanut(IM and IP). The results showed that the intercropping system had yield advantages based on the land equivalent ratio(LER) values of 1.15 and 1.16 in the two years, respectively. Averaged over the two years, the yield of maize in the intercropping was increased by 61.05% compared to that in SM, while the pod yield of peanut was decreased by 31.80% compared to SP. Maize was the superior competitor when intercropped with peanut, and its productivity dominated the yield of the intercropping system in our study. The increased yield was due to a higher kernel number per ear(KNE). Intercropping increased the light transmission ratio(LTR) of the ear layer in the maize canopy, the active photosynthetic duration(APD), and the harvest index(HI) compared to SM. In addition, intercropping promoted the ratio of dry matter accumulation after silking and the distribution of ~(13) C-photosynthates to grain compared to SM. In conclusion, maize/peanut intercropping demonstrated the potential to improve the light condition of maize, achieving enhanced photosynthetic characteristics that improved female spike differentiation, reduced barrenness, and increased KNE. Moreover, dry matter accumulation and ~(13) C-photosynthates distribution to grain of intercropped maize were improved, and a higher grain yield was ultimately obtained.     

1961—2010年东北农作区春小麦需水量的时空变化特征

利用东北农作区58个气象站点1961—2010年的逐日气象数据,基于Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water(SIMETAW)模型分析气候变化背景下东北农作区春小麦生育期内作物需水量(Crop evapotranspiration,ETc)和灌溉需要量(Evapotranspiration of applied water,ETaw),以及典型站点春小麦的灌溉需求指数(Irrigation demand index,IDI)的时空变化特征。结果表明:近50年来,东北农作区日平均温度呈显著上升趋势,平均降水量下降趋势不明显,平均太阳辐射及作物蒸散量呈显著下降趋势。春小麦生育期作物需水量和灌溉需要量呈下降趋势,其分布均表现为西多东少。50年来春小麦作物生育期需水量下降主要集中于松辽及兴安岭南部地区,东部地区变化趋势不明显;生育期灌溉需要量下降集中于松辽及兴安岭地区,三江平原地区略有增加,长白山地区多年保持平稳。