配合饲料和活饵料对刀鲚幼鱼生长、存活和消化酶、非特异性免疫酶、代谢酶及抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了解配合饲料和活饵料对刀鲚幼鱼生长、存活和几种酶活性的影响,对用配合饲料和活饵料喂养178 d的刀鲚幼鱼的生长、存活和消化酶、非特异性免疫酶、代谢酶以及抗氧化酶活性进行分析与比较。结果显示,配合饲料组的最终体长、体质量、成活率、鱼体肥满度和肝指数(分别为125.17 mm、6.27 g、65.73%、0.31 g/cm3和1.4%)显著低于活饵料组(分别为150.66 mm、12.39 g、85.59%、0.36 g/cm3和1.9%),两组鱼的肠长和体长比无显著差异(分别为25.3%和23.6%);两组鱼的肝脏中均未检测出蛋白酶,配合饲料组的幽门盲囊中碱性蛋白酶的活性(43.49 U/mg prot)显著低于活饵料组(86.37 U/mg prot),但两处理组鱼胃中酸性蛋白酶和肠道中碱性蛋白酶的活性均没有显著差异;配合饲料组肠道和幽门盲囊中的淀粉酶活性(分别为196.63和575.93 U/g prot)显著低于活饵料组(分别为928.91和1 755.90U/g prot),但两处理组鱼肝脏和胃中的淀粉酶活性没有显著差异;两处理组鱼的肝脏和胃中均未检测出脂肪酶,配合饲料组的肠道脂肪酶活性(23.55 U/g prot)显著高于活饵料组(14.39 U/g prot),但两处理组幽门盲囊中脂肪酶活性(分别为17.90和13.23 U/g prot)没有显著差异;配合饲料组的肝脏碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性(103.44 U/g prot)显著高于活饵料组(58.20 U/g prot),而配合饲料组的肝脏谷草转氨酶(AST/GOT)活性(20.38 U/g prot)显著低于活饵料组(32.51 U/g prot);肝脏中其余被检测的5种酶活性(ACP、ALT/GPT、SOD、GSH-PX和CAT)和血清中被检测的代谢酶(ALT/GPT和AST/GOT)及抗氧化酶(SOD和GSH-PX)活性在两处理组之间均没有显著差异。研究表明,刀鲚能摄食配合饲料,配合饲料组和活饵料组的大多数消化酶、非特异性免疫酶、代谢酶及抗氧化酶活性,没有显著性差异,但配合饲料组的刀鲚生长和成活率远低于活饵料组,建议今后研发和改进刀鲚配合饲料,逐步替代活饵料。     

营养强化的轮虫、卤虫对牙鲆仔鱼的成活、生长及体脂肪酸组成的影响

用3种营养强化剂强化的轮虫和卤虫无节幼体投喂牙鲆仔鱼,研究牙鲆仔鱼的生长、成活、体脂肪酸的组成。结果表明:用强化的轮虫和卤虫无节幼体投喂牙鲆仔鱼,成活率、增重均显著高于对照组(p<0 01),其中V号强化剂的效果最好,成活率为29 34%,比对照组提高100%;增重倍数为217 90,比对照组提高68 61%;这是由于V号强化剂强化的卤虫无节幼体体内含有较多的AA的缘故,饵料中AA含量的提高,可以提高牙鲆仔鱼的成活率、促进其生长。牙鲆摄食强化过的轮虫、卤虫无节幼体后,其EPA、DHA、n-3HUFA、PUFA的含量随着饵料中含量的升高而升高,这也是牙鲆仔鱼生长速度和成活率提高的重要因素之一。     

不同饵料对中华虎头蟹幼体发育和存活率的影响

为探讨中华虎头蟹苗种繁育过程中饵料及投喂的影响,进行了不同饵料对中华虎头蟹溞状幼体和大眼幼体生长发育和存活的影响实验。实验结果,中华虎头蟹各期幼体生长发育效果较好的饵料为动物性饵料,Z1期以卤虫无节幼体为开口饵料,只投喂扁藻后期幼体发育较差;Z2以轮虫和卤虫无节幼体的搭配为好;Z3期则以轮虫为适宜饵料;M期投喂卤虫无节幼体效果相对较好。     

悉生条件下3株嗜盐古菌对卤虫生长及其抗弧菌感染的影响

嗜盐古菌存在于高盐水体中,是高盐环境微生物种群的重要组成部分。本研究利用从日晒盐场结晶池卤水中分离得到的3株红色嗜盐古菌,分别命名为Haloarcula sp.HG-1、Haloferax sp.KN-4和Halorubrum sp.IT-5。采用悉生实验系统,探讨不同盐度(30、100和150)条件下3株古菌能否作为卤虫(Artemia)的唯一饵料,并比较其作为饵料对卤虫存活、生长和抗鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)感染能力的影响。结果表明,在盐度30的悉生系统中,投喂3株古菌组卤虫存活率和体长均保持较高水平;鳗弧菌攻毒条件下,卤虫存活率有所下降,其中投喂Haloferax sp.KN-4菌株组卤虫抗鳗弧菌感染能力最强。正常和攻毒条件下,在盐度100和盐度150悉生系统中分别投喂3株古菌,卤虫均保持较高存活率和体长,其中投喂Haloarcula sp.HG-1菌株组卤虫具有最高存活率和最长体长,但攻毒组卤虫存活率和生长普遍优于未攻毒组,这可能与高盐条件下V.anguillarum毒力下降有关。本研究利用"卤虫-古菌"悉生实验系统,证实了3株嗜盐古菌均可作为卤虫的唯一饵料,为卤虫提供营养;利用"卤虫-古菌-致病菌"攻毒实验系统,证实3株嗜盐古菌均可以增强卤虫抗鳗弧菌感染能力。本研究结果为研究古菌在高盐环境食物链中的作用提供了基础数据。     

Effects of density on growth and survival of juvenile Red Swamp Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard), reared under laboratory conditions

The aim of this study was to quantify the importance of population density on the growth and survival of juvenile red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard), and to understand the effects of density on both the period between moults and the increment per moult at high densities without food limitation. A laboratory experiment was performed to determine growth and survival of juvenile crayfish at five densities (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 crayfish m^?2). Density clearly affected crayfish growth. The impact of density on final weight was higher than on total length increase, growth rate and final length (FL) (by decreasing order of effect). When comparing minimum and maximum densities, we observed that FL suffered a 34% reduction. Number of moults, mean intermoult period (IP) and survival were not significantly affected by density. Our results indicated that the IP and the percentage of increment per moult are affected by the size of crayfish before moult and we provide equations for these relations. Our findings are relevant both for crayfish aquaculture management and for the management of wild or harvested rice‐field crayfish populations.     

云南干热河谷能源木薯育苗移栽试验研究

对华南124、华南7号、华南205和南植199等4个木薯品种种条在苗床育苗和田间直接扦插繁殖时的生根效果、芽萌发情况进行了比较试验,同时对木薯在育苗移栽后与田间直接扦插种植时植株的成活率也做了比较。结果显示,在采用苗床育苗时,木薯种条的生根与萌芽情况皆优于田间直接扦插,苗床育苗后移栽田间的木薯苗木成活率显著高于田间直接扦插的木薯种条。     

基质和炼苗方法对春石斛试管苗假植的影响

以4个品种的春石斛为材料,研究了不同的假植基质和不同的炼苗时间和方法对春石斛试管苗假植成活率和初始生长的影响。结果表明,所涉及的基质中,水苔的成活率最高,而炼苗方法以封瓶炼10 d再开瓶炼1 d最佳。     

Effect of starvation on survival and biochemical profile of newborn juvenile lined seahorses,Hippocampus erectus (Perry, 1810)

This study assessed the effect of starvation on survival and nutritional status of newborn juveniles H. erectus (<10 days) to optimize rearing protocols, thereby helping to reduce wildlife exploitation. Maximum starvation time (MST) was estimated through the survival of juveniles continuously starved from birth. Resistance to starvation and the effect of food re‐introduction after 1, 2, 4 and 6 days of starvation on survival and metabolite concentrations (total proteins, total lipids, acylglycerides, cholesterol, glucose) were also determined. Survival amongst continuously starved animals decreased from 6.6 ± 0.5 to 0% from days 9 to 10 of starvation. Seahorses under different starvation–refeeding treatments all had 100% survival up to day 5 of experiments. After 10 days, however, a 4‐day starvation period followed by refeeding showed negative effects with <50% survival. During continuous starvation, lipids were the first energy reserve used to maintain basal metabolism, followed by proteins. Except for cholesterol, all metabolite concentrations differed between continuous starvations and feeding. Despite high seahorse survival after 5 days in the absence of food, the recovery of the metabolic status is possible after a starvation period of no more than 2 days, since irreversible physiological changes compromising the ultimate survival of the organisms take place after this time.     

盐度对鲻鱼前期仔鱼生长与存活的影响

本文研究了鲻鱼前期仔鱼在不同海水盐度条件下的生长和存活情况。结果表明：鲻鱼前期仔鱼生长与存活的适宜盐度范围为20－32‰，盐度低于20‰，随盐度下降，前期仔鱼存活率降低，生长速度趋慢；反之，盐度高于32‰，随盐度升高，前期仔鱼存活率降低，生长速度趋缓。     

中肋骨条藻的浓缩与长期保存技术的研究

实验表明:中肋骨条藻在0～10℃的低温保存60d的存活率达70%以上;并且在恢复生长时保持较高的比生长率,0～10℃是中肋骨条藻长期保存的最佳温度范围。