Androgenetic response of heterozygous triticale populations using a greenhouse hydroponic system

Production of haploids, followed by chromosome doubling to produce doubled haploids (DH) represents the most rapid means of achieving complete inbreeding. In order to improve the androgenetic responses and maximize the production of green regenerants from selected plants of twenty-five triticale (× Triticosecale, Wittmack) populations (BC₁F₁, TC₁F₁, and F₂) we used a uniform and optimal growth environment for anther donor plants within a greenhouse hydroponic system. Non-orthogonal analysis of deviance showed highly significant differences (p < 0.001) among populations for both induction and regeneration. The overall induction response of the populations was very high with a mean of 50.4 embryoids per 100 anthers plated. Among all tested-populations, M86-6068/TW179//EP80 (TC₁F₁) was the most responsive for both induction and regeneration which could be associated to its Triticum timopheevii cytoplasm. On the other hand, although populations 80465/II83-194 both as BC₁F₁ and F₂ had a high level of induction response, only a few green plants were regenerated. These populations probably possess a partial Secale montanum genome, which could be contributing to the low regeneration ability. In conclusion, the need for optimization of donor plant growth conditions to effectively assess the androgenetic ability of individual populations/lines would be emphasized. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effects of Exogenous 24-epibrassinolide on Photosynthetic Physiology of CottonSeedlings under Low Temperature

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on the photosynthetic physiology of cotton seedlings under low temperature and to provide basis for improving the cold tolerance of cotton by using EBR as growth regulator. [Method] Taking CCRI 60, Lumianyan 28 and Simian 3 as materials, a field experiment was carried out in Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS(Anyang county, Henan province). Before the first low temperature treatment, the cotton seedlings were sprayed with distilled water (Control) and different concentrations of EBR (0.1 mg·L^－1 and 0.2 mg·L^－1), respectively. After 3 days, the relative electrical conductivity, chlorophyll content, rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetic curve (OJIP) and fluorescence parameters were measured. [Result] Under low temperature, the relative conductivity of CCRI 60, Lumianyan 28 and Simian 3 spraying with EBR decreased by 17.7%～32.8% compared with control, and there was no significant difference between CCRI 60 and Lumianyan 28 in different concentrations of EBR treatments, butthe relative conductivity of Simian 3 treating with 0.2 mg·L^－1 EBR was significantly lower than those treatments with 0.1 mg·L^－1 EBR . The chl a and chl b contents increased by 9.7%～32.6% and 15.0%～18.9%, respectively. The maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystemⅡ (F_v/F_M) and photosynthetic performance index on absorption basis(PI_ABS) increased significantly. PI_ABS of CCRI 60 increase the maximum by 75.6% using 0.1 mg·L^－1 EBR. Lumianyan 28 and Simian 3 increased the maximum by 101.1% and 265.6% using 0.2 mg·L^－1 EBR, respectively; Absorbed photon flux per cross section (ABS/CSm), electron transport flux (further than QA) per active reactive center (ETo/RC) and probability for electron transport (φEo) are significantly increased. [Conclusion] Exogenous EBR can enhance the ability of low temperature tolerance of cotton seedlings and alleviate the inhibition of photosynthesis in cotton at low temperature. The study showed that 0.1 mg·L^－1 EBR performs well in CCRI 60 and 0.2 mg·L^－1 in Lumianyan 28 and Simian 3.     

刺梨叶片愈伤组织诱导及抗褐化研究

为进一步优化刺梨叶片愈伤组织诱导条件,本试验以‘贵农1号’、‘贵农2号’、‘贵农5号’、‘贵农7号’4个不同基因型刺梨叶片为试材,采用组织培养法研究预处理、取样时间、植物生长调节剂、抗褐化剂对叶片愈伤组织诱导及降低褐化率的影响。结果表明：100 mg/LVc浸泡12 h后,可显著提高4个基因型叶片愈伤组织诱导率,降低其褐化率,其中‘贵农1号’诱导率最高为97.44 %;春季是不同基因型叶片最佳取材时间,3月份叶片愈伤组织诱导率均达到最高值且褐化率最低;适合‘贵农1号’和‘贵农2号’叶片愈伤组织诱导的植物生长调节剂组合为1.0 mg/L6-BA+0.5 mg/LNAA,而‘贵农5号’和‘贵农7号’叶片愈伤组织诱导最适宜的植物生长调节剂组合为1.0 mg/L6-BA+1.0 mg/LNAA+1.0 mg/LTDZ;3种抗褐化剂对4种基因型刺梨叶片愈伤组织增殖培养的效果大小为AgNO₃>柠檬酸>PVP;添加柠檬酸或AgNO₃可明显降低刺梨叶片愈伤组织褐化率,其中以2.0 g/L柠檬酸或0.4 g/LAgNO₃最为适宜,4个基因型叶片愈伤组织褐化率均达到最低值。该试验获得了4种基因型愈伤组织诱导的最适宜生长调节剂组合,降低了褐化率,为后续离体再生体系的建立奠定了基础。     

锡林浩特地区太阳紫外辐射分析

为进一步揭示紫外辐射的变化规律,更好地为生产和人们的生活服务,基于锡林浩特国家气候观象台2007—2012年太阳紫外辐射观测资料,运用数理统计学方法与SPSS 11.5软件,分析了锡林浩特地区不同云况条件下太阳紫外辐射规律及与气象要素的相互关系。结果表明:太阳紫外辐射存在明显的日、季、年变化规律。一日内早晚小,中午大。一年内最高值出现在6—8月,最低值出现在11—12月。且与太阳总辐射、光合有效辐射、空气温度、空气湿度、地温0~5 cm存在较显著的相关性。目前锡林浩特地区紫外辐射强度(UV-B)1—3、10—12月最大值范围分别为0.20~1.91、0.13~1.43 W/m~2,低于人和动物的安全标准2 W/m~2,4—9月可出现最大值范围为2.02~3.39 W/m~2,容易对人和动物造成威胁和伤害。     

糜子愈伤诱导及再分化最适条件研究

研究旨在应用组织培养技术探究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,以期为糜子建立遗传转化体系奠定基础。采用5个糜子品种研究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件。利用植物激素2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)诱导茎尖愈伤组织,筛选出发芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低的品种,并对诱导愈伤最适激素浓度及配比进行了鉴定。结果显示,‘冀黍2号’出芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低,适宜进行组织培养;2,4-D对‘冀黍2号’愈伤诱导效果最好,最适浓度为2.5 mg/L,诱导率达86.67%,淡黄色块状,结构紧密,质地较硬,继代培养后形成的胚性愈伤组织状态更好。再分化过程中,2.5 mg/L 2,4-D+3.5 mg/L TDZ时,出现明显的嫩芽。该试验获得‘冀黍2号’愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,可为糜子再生体系的构建提供参考。     

冬小麦杂种F_1及其亲本光合特性的研究初报

研究了 10个冬小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.)杂交组合的子一代 (F1)及其亲本的光合特性。结果表明 ,在这 10个杂交组合中 ,虽然只各有 4个杂交组合的 F1的 PS 总的光化学量子产额 (Yield)和光化学荧光猝灭系数 (q P)有超亲现象 ,但绝大多数组合的 F1光合功能都与母本十分相近 ,正反交组合的结果进一步证明这种相关性。可见 ,母系遗传对于 F1光合功能的优劣有着十分重要的作用。根据所得的实验结果 ,认为在配置冬小麦杂交组合时 ,选择具有优良光合功能的品种作母本 ,可为进一步筛选光合功能好的稳定品种创造条件 ,是加速小麦育种进程的重要途径之一     

糖心菠萝的鲜切加工工艺及贮藏保鲜技术的优化研究

以广东省增城的糖心菠萝为原料,研究了果实的成熟度、切分后紫外线杀菌及抗坏血酸和柠檬酸处理对鲜切菠萝贮藏保鲜期及品质的影响。结果表明,选择适宜成熟度的整果,切分后用质量分数为1%柠檬酸或1%VC+1%柠檬酸浸泡处理,并将切块用紫外线照射杀菌,最后用托盘+保鲜膜包装,可延长鲜切菠萝的贮藏期至6d,较好地保持了糖心菠萝的新鲜品质和风味。     

Comparative study of low voltage ride-through techniques for doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines under asymmetrical grid faults

Asymmetrical grid faults occur more frequently and have more adverse effects on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) than symmetrical grid faults in the transmission system. The transient response of DFIG under asymmetrical grid faults is analyzed firstly. Meanwhile, operation behaviors of several low voltage ride-through (LVRT) techniques under severe asymmetrical grid faults are given by simulation with the Matlab/Simulink software. Then the characteristics of these LVRT techniques are further researched and analyzed based on the simulation results. Finally, the economies of these LVRT techniques are discussed. The conclusion lays a certain foundation for engineering development of these LVRT techniques.     

Use of image analysis to estimate anthocyanin and UV-excited fluorescent phenolic compound levels in strawberry fruit

Strawberry is rich in anthocyanins, which are responsible for the red color, and contains several colorless phenolic compounds. Among the colorless phenolic compounds, some, such as hydroxycinammic acid derivatives, emit blue-green fluorescence when excited with ultraviolet (UV) light. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of image analyses for estimating the levels of anthocyanins and UV-excited fluorescent phenolic compounds in fruit. The fruit skin and cut surface of 12 cultivars were photographed under visible and UV light conditions; colors were evaluated based on the color components of images. The levels of anthocyanins and UV-excited fluorescent compounds in each fruit were also evaluated by spectrophotometric and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses, respectively and relationships between these levels and the image data were investigated. Red depth of the fruits differed greatly among the cultivars and anthocyanin content was well estimated based on the color values of the cut surface images. Strong UV-excited fluorescence was observed on the cut surfaces of several cultivars, and the grayscale values of the UV-excited fluorescence images were markedly correlated with the levels of those fluorescent compounds as evaluated by HPLC analysis. These results indicate that image analyses can select promising genotypes rich in anthocyanins and fluorescent phenolic compounds.