十种杀菌剂对李细菌性穿孔病的毒力测定与药效试验

选用10种杀菌剂,研究其对李细菌性穿孔病的防治效果。结果表明:室内抑菌和田间药效试验结果基本一致,防治效果依次为50%福美双可湿性粉剂、72%农用链霉素可溶性粉剂、硫酸阿米卡星注射液、硫酸庆大霉素注射液和8%宁南霉素水剂。不同厂家生产的72%农用链霉素可溶性粉剂的抑菌和防治效果差异显著。     

保水剂在香蕉枯萎病药剂防治上的运用效果

香蕉枯萎病化学防治的理论和应用研究,是香蕉枯萎病综合防治体系的重要内容之一。试验研究中,采用在香蕉枯萎病杀菌剂掺入农用保水剂,并用于接种了FOC4的香蕉盆栽中,进行保水剂对杀菌剂的药效保持情况的试验研究,通过盆栽试验和田间药效试验得到使用保水剂和不使用保水剂的杀菌剂在香蕉枯萎病防治效果上具有显著的差异。结果表明保水剂能够较好的保持住杀菌剂药效,延长有效期,从而为香蕉枯萎病的防治工作提供了另一有效的防治措施。     

防治糜子丝黑穗病的杀菌剂筛选及田间防治效果研究

为筛选防治糜子丝黑穗病的高效药剂,采用琼脂平板孢子萌芽法测定了6种杀菌剂对糜子丝黑穗病菌的室内毒力,并通过两年田间小区试验评价了杀菌剂对糜子丝黑穗病的药效及糜子植株生长的影响。室内毒力测定结果表明,戊唑醇对丝黑穗病菌的毒力最强,EC₅₀值为0.1127 μg/mL,其次为烯唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵,EC₅₀值分别为1.0634,6.1775,12.4969和54.4021 μg/mL,福美双的毒力最弱,EC₅₀值为1169.6448 μg/mL。药剂处理与对照相比,发芽率均有显著降低,随浓度的增高,种子活力下降,其中烯唑醇对种子萌发抑制作用最大,发芽率和发芽势均最小。田间药效试验结果与室内毒力测定结果一致,戊唑醇防效最好,其次为烯唑醇、甲基硫菌灵、多菌灵,苯醚甲环唑仅在浓度高时防效较好,福美双防治效果最差。植株生长影响评价结果表明,多菌灵显著降低主茎倒二叶面积、主茎倒三叶面积、叶干重和分蘖数。与对照相比,各药剂处理下的单株粒重均有不同程度的减少,但产量均增加,其中戊唑醇处理下的产量两年均最高,而福美双在2014年没有显著增产效果。因此,在6种供试药剂中,戊唑醇能以最低浓度获得最好的防治效果,可在实际生产中推广利用。     

复方二氯异氰尿酸钠和双季铵碘中和剂中和效果考察

采用悬液定量杀菌试验程序，对两种中和剂配方进行了中和剂鉴定试验，以便对复方二氯异氰尿酸钠和双季铵碘两种消毒剂的消毒效果进行评价。试验结果表明，中和剂配方Ⅰ（含3％吐温-80、0．5％硫代硫酸钠）对复方二氯异氰尿酸钠，中和剂配方Ⅲ（含3％吐温-80、0．5％亚硫酸钠、适量卵磷脂）对双季铵碘均有良好的中和效果，且末见中和剂配方Ⅰ、中和剂配方Ⅲ及其相应中和产物对指示菌金黄色葡萄球菌的生长有明显影响。因此认为，中和剂配方Ⅰ、中和剂配方Ⅲ可分别用于复方二氯异氰尿酸钠和双季铵碘消毒剂消毒效果的鉴定。     

中药复方壮腰散对小鼠睾丸发育及抗缺氧能力效果观察

以牦牛鞭为主,辅以其他中药制成中药复方壮腰散,分别饲喂小白鼠,观察其对小鼠睾丸发育和抗缺氧、抗疲劳、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力的影响。结果表明,单用牦牛鞭能促进小白鼠睾丸发育和增强其免疫力;牦牛鞭配以其他中药组成复方,不仅能促进睾丸发育,而且对提高小鼠的抗缺氧能力、抗疲劳能力均有显著作用。     

大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖的室内毒力及田间防效

采用大蒜精油对灰荼尺蠖进行了室内及田间药效试验,结果表明大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖的致死中浓度(LC50)为1038.60 mg/L,50％大蒜精油100～250倍液对灰荼尺蠖低龄幼虫具有良好的速效性和持效性,建议生产中可在灰茶尺蠖1～2龄幼虫发生期喷施100～250倍液大蒜精油.这一结果为开发大蒜精油作为茶树主要害虫的新型低...     

5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜室内毒力及田间防效

为了明确5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜的适宜施药剂量,开展了室内毒力测定和田间药效试验.结果 表明,1％甲维盐EC对枸杞棉蚜的毒力最高,50％噻虫嗪WG毒力最低,24 h LC50分别为2.44 mg/L和1875.69 mg/L.5种药剂毒力大小依次为甲维盐＞啶虫脒＞吡蚜酮＞呋虫胺＞噻虫嗪.田间试验结果表明,随着施药时间的延长,...     

Acute oral toxicity of zinc phosphide: an assessment for wild house mice (Mus musculus)

Irregular plagues of house mice, Mus musculus, incur major economic impacts on agricultural production in Australia. The efficacy of zinc phosphide (ZnP), the only registered broadacre control agent for mice, is reported as increasingly variable. Have mice become less sensitive over time or are they taking a sub-lethal dose and developing aversion? In this laboratory study, the sensitivity of mice (wild caught; outbred laboratory strain) was assessed using oral gavage of a range of ZnP concentrations. The estimated LD₅₀ values (72–79 mg ZnP/kg body weight) were similar for each mouse group but are significantly higher than previously reported. The willingness of mice to consume ZnP-coated grains was determined. ZnP-coated grains (50 g ZnP/kg grain) presented in the absence of alternative food were consumed and 94% of wild mice died. Mice provided with alternative food and ZnP-coated wheat grains (either 25 or 50 g ZnP/kg grain) consumed toxic and non-toxic grains, and mortality was lower (33–55%). If a sublethal amount of ZnP-coated grain was consumed, aversion occurred, mostly when alternative food was present. The sensitivity of wild house mice to ZnP in Australia is significantly lower than previously assumed. Under laboratory conditions, ZnP-coated grains coated with a new higher dose (50 g ZnP/kg grain) were readily consumed. Consumption of toxic grain occurred when alternative food was available but was decreased. Our unambiguous findings for house mice indicate a re-assessment of the ZnP loading for baits used for control of many rodents around the world may be warranted.     

安阳市理论条件下的水资源承载力研究

在探讨理论条件下水资源承载力概念的基础上，构建了水资源承载力的模型，引入了水资源承载力的分类系统，并对安阳市理论条件下的水资源承载力进行了估算与评价。研究认为，在平水年间，安阳市可利用水资源量仅有林州市能够满足温饱型条件下的生活水准，其余各县无论是在平水年间还是在枯水年间水资源承载人口均处于超载状态；并且可利用水资源量不可能支撑现阶段（2002年）人口在总体小康型、全面小康型和初步富裕型阶段的生活水准。     

The Exploitation of Nematode-Responsive Plant Genes in Novel Nematode Control Methods

The molecular interactions between plants and sedentary nematodes are undergoing intense study, not only for reasons of fundamental research but also for the potential benefits to agriculture. The present technology allows the transformation of an increasing number of crop plants, providing new ways to introduce resistance against plant-parasitic nematodes. The ability of sedentary nematodes to induce specialized feeding sites in plant roots is one of the most fascinating aspects of this host–parasite interaction. Molecular approaches have been initiated to identify and characterize plant genes altered in expression after infection by sedentary nematodes. The results obtained indicate that many genes indeed become up-regulated upon nematode infection. Surprisingly, several so-called constitutive promoters that are normally used to achieve high expression in plant cells are completely ‘silenced’ in the feeding sites within days after nematode infection. Generally, there are two options available for the genetic engineering of nematode resistance: the synthesis of anti-nematode proteins or the localized production of a cytotoxic protein that interferes with the development of feeding cells. Nematode-induced promoters are very useful for the production by plants of sufficiently high levels of anti-nematode proteins at feeding sites. Alternatively, interfering with feeding-cell development is somewhat similar to the hypersensitive response evoked by nematodes in a naturally resistant plant. Here, destruction of specific plant cells can be achieved by the localized expression of a cytotoxin such as barnase, a potent ribonuclease. This approach, however, calls for a highly specific ‘non-leaky’ promoter, which is active only in the feeding cells. Another possibility is to use a two-component system, where the leakiness of the promoter in other tissues is counterbalanced by the constitutive expression of a neutralizing gene.