入世以来中国水产品贸易的格局特征及发展前景

水产品是中国传统的出口优势产品。加入WTO以来,中国水产品贸易在进出口双向快速增长的局面下,保持了净出口态势。文章在总结中国水产品入世几年来进出口的发展趋势、产品结构以及国别特征的基础上,着重分析了其发展前景。结果表明,增强质量竞争力是优势水产品出口实现持续增长的关键,未来几年对国外捕捞类水产品进口将继续大规模增长,中国水产品进出口的产品结构特征短期内不会有显著变化。最后,基于提高出口水产品竞争力、优化中国水产品贸易格局的目的提出了一些对策建议。     

Early Development of the Mandarinfish, Synchiropus splendidus (Callionymidae), with notes on its Fishery and Potential for Culture

The mandarinfish, Synchiropus splendidus, is a small, pelagic-spawning enthic dragonet of the western Pacific. Although popular in the marine aquarium trade, little is known of its fishery or biology. All aquarium-trade animals are currently taken from the wild and the impact of heavy collecting is unknown. The specialized and selective nature of the fishery for mandarinfish is described and its potential to disrupt the mating system identified. As a possible alternative to wild capture and as an aid to sustainable exploitation, egg production and early development relevant to mariculture are described, including egg output, embryo, larva and post-settlement development to 30 days, based on live material. Egg output was determined for 40 females and ranged from 12 to 205 eggs. Embryo and larva development were rapid, with settlement occurring within 14 days at 24–26 °C, and at 3.5 mm TL. The swimbladder is retained in adults. Our limited attempts at raising the mandarinfish to settlement were encouraging and suggest an excellent potential for mariculture with implications for both conservation and improved maintenance of fish in captivity. At present, given that this species is difficult to maintain in captivity, it is only suitable for experienced aquarists. Preliminary diet information is provided. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Tropical Timber Trade Flows in P.R. China

The historical transition of timber distribution pattern in China was presented firstly with main parts of timber flows in China, which included timber markets, timber transport system and regulations of timber transport. Based on the overview on tropical timber flows in China, the trade flows of tropical timber from production and imports of tropical timber to export of tropical timber products were analyzed by vivid illustrations. At the same time, problems in timber trade flows in China were analysed in the end.     

欧债危机对中欧农产品贸易的影响分析

本文分析了欧债危机对中欧农产品贸易的可能影响途径和机制,并利用双边农产品贸易数据对欧债危机的影响进行了初步判断。结果表明,虽然年度长期趋势所反映的欧债危机影响不明显,但是月度短期趋势反映欧债危机已经致使中欧农产品贸易出现明显的增长放缓趋势,且影响在危机核心国和非核心国之间的差异不明显,具有整体性的特征。因此,不能因为年度农产品贸易额还在快速增长而盲目乐观,而必须加强监测和采取积极的应对措施。     

金融危机后全球对虾贸易格局与出口竞争力研究

受国际金融危机的影响,全球经济增长放缓,对虾市场也受到了一定的冲击.金融危机后,对虾贸易开始复苏,并仍然集中在亚洲、美洲和欧洲三大区域.其中,泰国、越南、中国、印度尼西亚、印度的对虾产品国际市场占有率较高,并对美欧日三大进口市场具有较高的渗透率;厄瓜多尔、越南、泰国、孟加拉的对虾出口竞争力很强;上述国家对虾产品的比较优势显著.通过对湛江国联水产出口经验的借鉴,为增强中国对虾出口竞争力提供了启示.     

中国与巴西农产品贸易的动态及前景分析

在中国农产品进口需求持续增长和巴西农产品市场亟需拓展的共同作用下,中国和巴西两国的双边农产品贸易快速发展,并对世界农产品贸易格局产生了重要影响。为深入了解中国和巴西两国的双边农产品贸易状况,利用贸易强度指数、产业内贸易指数、显性比较优势指数和贸易互补性指数就中国和巴西两国的双边农产品贸易模式和动态进行分析,并对其发展前景进行了展望。研究发现,中国与巴西的双边农产品贸易是基于各自的农业资源禀赋而开展的,两国的农产品比较优势差异较大,这是导致二者双边贸易市场地位极不对等的重要原因;中国和巴西农产品贸易具有较高的贸易强度,但更多体现为产业间贸易,产业内贸易程度则明显偏低;中国和巴西农产品贸易具有较强的互补性,所以两国贸易的提升空间仍然较大,但双边贸易的进一步发展将会扩大中国农产品贸易的逆差。     

山东省农产品出口竞争力实证分析

山东省是中国农业大省,山东省农产品出口额占全国农产品出口总额的四分之一左右,连续十二年来一直稳居全国第一。山东省农产品出口以水产品、蔬菜、水果、畜产品和食用油籽等劳动密集型产品为主,出口市场主要有日本、东盟、韩国、美国和欧盟。出口市场占有率、显性比较优势指数、产业内贸易指数显示,山东省农产品整体具有较强竞争力,以产业内贸易为主,贸易互补性强。在山东省五大主要出口农产品中,水产品和畜产品以产业内贸易为主,水果和食用油籽以产业间贸易为主;水果、蔬菜、水产品具有较强的国际竞争力;畜产品和食用油籽国际竞争力优势不明显。     

外商直接投资对福建省出口贸易效应的研究

外商直接投资是福建省出口贸易的主要力量。本文从出口商品总量、出口贸易方式、出口商品结构这3个方面来研究FDI对福建省出口贸易的具体影响,得出结论：外商直接投资促进了福建省出口贸易总量的增长,主导着福建省出口贸易方式,对出口商品结构的优化起到一定的积极作用,但是FDI在促进福建省技术进步方面的作用还有待提高。     

关于进一步发展蛟河市旅游业的思考

近年来，蛟河市森林旅游发展快，形势育人，特别是１９９５年成立拉法山国家森林公园以来，根据当地特点，在旅游开发、在旅游开发、促销、接待旅游团体等方面下了很大功夫，建立了有特色的民俗村、渡假村等，已基本形成了四大景区十个景点，总投资额达５６００多万元，从业人员达２８００多人，总产值达１２０００多万元。     

Intercepted Scolytidae (Coleoptera) at U.S. ports of Entry: 1985–2000

Since 1985, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has maintained the 'Port Information Network' (PIN) database for plant pests intercepted at the U.S. ports of entry. As of August 2001, PIN contained 6825 records of beetles (Coleoptera) in the family Scolytidae that had been intercepted during the years 1985–2000 from countries outside of North America. Of the 6825 scolytid interceptions, 2740 (40%) were identified to the species level, 2336 (34%) to only the genus level, and 1749 (26%) were identified to only the family level. Of the 49 identified scolytid genera, the 10 most common were Hypothenemus (821 interceptions), Pityogenes (662), Ips (544), Coccotrypes (520), Orthotomicus (461), Hylurgops (327), Hylurgus (266), Tomicus (194), Dryocoetes (166), and Hylastes (142). The 10 most common identified species were Pityogenes chalcographus (565 interceptions), Orthotomicus erosus (385), Hylurgops palliatus (295), Ips typographus (286), Hylurgus ligniperda (217), Ips sexdentatus (157), Tomicus piniperda (155), Hylastes ater (75), Hypothenemus hampei (62), and Polygraphus poligraphus (48). Of these 10 species, H. palliatus, H. ligniperda, and T. piniperda are known to be established in the continental U.S. The scolytids were intercepted from 117 different countries; the top 12 countries were Italy (1090 interceptions), Germany (756), Spain (457), Mexico (425), Jamaica (398), Belgium (352), France (261), China (255), Russia (247), India (224), U.K. (151), and Portugal (150). The scolytids were intercepted in 35 U.S. states and 97 port cities. In general, there was a positive relationship between the number of scolytid interceptions from individual countries and the value of the imports from those countries. Overall, 73% of the scolytids were found in solid wood packing materials, 22% in food or plants, and 5% in other or unspecified materials. The products most commonly associated with scolytid-infested wood packing materials were tiles, marble, machinery, steel, parts, ironware, granite, aluminum, slate, and iron. The food products and plants that were commonly infested with scolytids included nutmeg, palms, coffee beans, kola nuts, and macadamia nuts.