深圳市罗湖区415名社区人群亚健康现况调查

目的 了解深圳市罗湖区社区居民亚健康状态现况及人群分布特点,为亚健康状态的干预提供相关依据.方法 采用多阶段随机抽样,对深圳市罗湖区10个社区健康服务中心415名社区居民采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行亚健康测评和身心症状分析.结果 调查对象的SCL-90总分及总均分与全国常模比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),亚健康状态主要表现为躯体症状和精神病性症状;相对于女性,男性易出现偏执症状;相对于高文化人群,低文化人群易出现躯体化、抑郁、焦虑以及敌对、精神病性等障碍;相对年轻人群,老年人群易出现躯体化、强迫、焦虑及抑郁等症状.结论 深圳市罗湖区居民身心健康状况良好,但仍存在一些危害健康的亚健康症状,必须加强社区居民健康教育,对不同健康状态的人群进行相应干预.     

番茄潜叶蛾与马铃薯块茎蛾形态特征及为害症状的比较

番茄潜叶蛾Phthorimaea absoluta Meyrick是一种重要的世界性检疫性害虫。2017年8月入侵我国,现已扩散蔓延至我国多个省市,对露地和保护地鲜食番茄生产构成了严重威胁。在田间种植的番茄和马铃薯上,番茄潜叶蛾与同科的马铃薯块茎蛾常混合发生,且形态与取食为害特征相似,较容易混淆,给田间识别带来困难。本文详细描述和比较了番茄潜叶蛾和马铃薯块茎蛾成虫、卵、幼虫和蛹的外部形态及幼虫为害症状。本文将为番茄潜叶蛾和马铃薯块茎蛾的准确识别及田间调查提供指导,还可为这两种害虫的精准测报奠定基础。     

Growth,Metabolism and Yield of Rice Cultivated in Soils Amended with Fly Ash and Cyanobacteria and Metal Loads in Plant Parts

Soil amendment with fly ash(FA) and combined supplementation with N_2-fixing cyanobacteria masses as biofertilizer were done in field experiments with rice. Amendments with FA levels, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 10.0 kg/m~2, caused increase in growth and yield of rice up to 8.0 kg/m~2, monitored with several parameters. Pigment contents and enzyme activities of leaves were enhanced by FA, with the maximum level of FA at 10.0 kg/m~2. Protein content of rice seeds was the highest in plants grown at FA level 4.0 kg/m~2. Basic soil properties, p H value, percentage of silt, percentage of clay, water-holding capacity, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon content increased due to the FA amendment. Parallel supplementation of FA amended plots with 1.0 kg/m~2 N_2-fixing cyanobacteria mass caused further significant increments of the most soil properties, and rice growth and yield parameters. 1000-grain weight of rice plants grown at FA level 4.0 kg/m~2 along with cyanobacteria supplementation was the maximum. Cyanobacteria supplementation caused increase of important basic properties of soil including the total N-content. Estimations of elemental content in soils and plant parts(root and seed) were done by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Accumulations of K, P, Fe and several plant micronutrients(Mn, Ni, Co, Zn and Cu) and toxic elements(Pb, Cr and Cd) increased in soils and plant parts as a function of the FA gradation, but Na content remained almost unchanged in soils and seeds. Supplementation of cyanobacteria had ameliorating effect on toxic metal contents of soils and plant parts. The FA level 4.0 kg/m~2, with 1.0 kg/m~2 cyanobacteria mass supplementation, could be taken ideal, since there would be recharging of the soil with essential micronutrients as well as toxic chemicals in comparative lesser proportions, and cyanobacteria mass would cause lessening toxic metal loads with usual N_2-fixation.     

内蒙古阿拉善草地毒草灾害调查与控制对策

内蒙古阿拉善草地毒草灾害一直困扰着当地畜牧业的发展.采用以现场走访和查阅文献相结合的方式,对阿拉善草地毒草灾害的历史和现状、毒草灾害造成的损失、毒草种类和地理分布、主要毒草生物学特性等进行调查,提出草地毒草灾害控制对策.结果表明,阿拉善草地牲畜毒草中毒发病率高达60%,病死率为30%;形成优势种群的毒草有14种,其中造...     

集约化养猪场猪咬尾症的发生和防治

在集约化养猪生产中，常可见到猪的咬尾症，严重影响猪的健康和生产性能。引起猪咬尾症的原因是多方面的，而且往往是几种因素同时作用，且发生于不同的饲养阶段。可见防制猪咬尾症的措施应是综合性的，并应贯穿于养猪生产的始终。本文分析了猪咬尾症发生的原因，介绍了猪咬尾症的防治措施。     

动物中毒病学网络课程的开发与建设

结合国内高等农业院校动物中毒病学的传统教学概况,针对动物中毒病学课程理论性和实践性强的特点,更为适应新时期网络课程教学的要求,本文从动物中毒病学网络课程的定义与特点、网络课程的教学目标与教学特色、网络课程的开发建设思路、网络课程体系结构及模块的开发与建设等方面对动物中毒病学网络课程的开发与建设进行了探析,以供参考。     

Effect of pH on Potentially Toxic Trace Elements (Cd,Cu, Ni,and Zn) Solubility in Two Native and Spiked Calcareous Soils: Experimental and Modeling

The effect of soil pH on solubility of the potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) [cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn)] was assessed using two native and spiked calcareous soils. Multiple PTEs solutions were added to soils and equilibrated (aged) for 40 days. Then, PTEs solubility was measured at different pH level (1–3 units below and above the pH of native soils). In native soils, all PTEs displayed a V-shaped pH-dependent solubility pattern with important releases at pH 4 and 10 (native soil 1) and 5 and 11 (native soil 2). In spiked soils, the general tendency for the pH where solubility started was in the order Cd > Ni > Zn > Cu. Solubility of added trace elements increased with a decrease in pH. Solubility of PTEs occurred at a lower pH in the soil with a higher carbonate content than the other soil (both native and spiked). In order to predict the effect of soil pH on solubility of PTEs, surface complexation and ions exchange models of PHREEQC program were used. The model simulated the PTEs solubility in soils very well. Comparison of experimental and simulated data indicated that ions exchange and surface complexation were the main mechanisms for predicting PTEs solubility in soils. Environmental implications concerning PTEs mobility might be derived from these findings.     

贵州省兴义市烟草赤星病发生情况调查

为了弄清烟草赤星病在兴义烟区的发生情况,以便于更准确预防此病,于2011年选择不同烟草品种、海拔高度、连轮作条件的烟草种植区对烟草赤星病发生情况进行了调查。结果表明,不同烟草品种间病害的发生情况不同,南江三号的抗病性远强于云烟87和云烟85,云烟85的抗病性最差;不同海拔高度田块的病害发生情况差异较大,病害流行严重程度表现为:山脚>山腰>山顶;不同连轮作地块病害的发生情况同样存在很大的差异,隔年轮作地烟草赤星病发病情况最轻,连作地发病较重,且连作年限越长,发病越重。烟草赤星病在兴义普遍发生,且烟草品种、海拔高度、连轮作条件对该病的发生与流行影响较大。     

非洲猪瘟疫情防控难点与对策

目前肉制品的健康情况备受人们关注,而猪肉是人们餐桌上必不可少的肉制品之一,猪只的安全饲养对人类的生命健康有重要的影响。在饲养猪只中,可发生多种传染病,其中最主要的一种是非洲猪瘟,该传染病不仅具有高热性的特点,还具有高度接触性的特点,再加上目前对于该种疾病还没有特效的疫苗,以及有效的治疗措施,因此,做好该种疾病的预防工作至关重要。该文主要论述非洲猪瘟进行论述,并制定相应的防控措施。为减少猪只发病几率奠定良好的基础。     

土壤微塑料和农药污染及其对土壤动物毒性效应的研究进展

微塑料和农药可能会在土壤中长期共存,塑料制品的种类和结构差异导致其对化学污染物有不同的亲和力和吸附行为。因此,微塑料可作为农药的载体,与农药形成复合污染,对生物体产生联合毒性效应,进而对食物链乃至人类产生健康危害。本文归纳了微塑料和农药对土壤环境的影响,阐述微塑料吸附农药的机理与研究现状,分析了微塑料和农药对土壤动物的联合毒性效应,指出当前研究存在的问题并对未来研究方向进行展望,为未来研究微塑料与农药在土壤中的环境行为提供重要参考。