Situating animal ethics in Thai elephant tourism

Following ethical contextualism, this article situates different animal ethical principles, from anthropocentrism to non‐anthropocentrism and relational caring ethics, in Thai social contexts in order to examine whether these principles can lead to a sustainable ethical practice in elephant conservation. The results show that, as non‐anthropocentrism, animal rights ethics are impractical in Thailand because of temporal, spatial, economic and social constraints. As weak anthropocentrism, animal welfare ethics endorse the tourism industry to commercialise the encounter value of elephants by developing elephant camps. Along with animal welfare, relational ecofeminism justifies the emerging model of elephant sanctuaries. Both camp and sanctuary models create a work‐for‐care cycle, in which elephants work to generate economic gains, some of which are in turn used to care for elephants. However, because of evolving social situations, such as potential market competition and poaching of wild elephants, the morality of the work‐for‐care cycle is weak and can be challenged. Nevertheless, sanctuaries offer a direction for a local solution because of their potentially responsible business model. In conclusion, there is not a single set of ethics that can solve all problems and be sustainable in all contexts.     

农村开荒地权属问题研究——以广西区大化瑶族自治县为例

目前,我国正在进行农村土地确权工作。实践中,历史上不断的荒地开发为土地确权工作带来了问题,如何确定开荒地权利的归属成为一个值得研究的议题。本文通过研究广西区大化瑶族自治县的开荒地权属纠纷现状和解决路径,总结了开荒地确权的主要依据——谁开发谁使用,并分析了背后渗透的关于占有和合同法律关系的法学理论。     

论乡村旅游对新农村建设的作用

本文从旅游开发的角度,探讨乡村旅游业对新农村建设的促进作用,并分析了新农村建设和我国旅游业发展的辨证关系。     

喀什旅游产业集群社会网络结构分析

以喀什46家旅游企业的问卷调查结果为依据,采用社会网络分析方法,从自我中心网络、整体网络两个方面,采用关联强度、网络密度、程度中心性和中介性四个指标,分析了喀什市旅游产业集群的社会网络结构。结果表明:群内企业间为弱连带关系,整体网络密度较低,旅游局是整体网络的中心,旅行社处于网络的第二层,酒店处于外围;愈是中心性高的企业,在网络图中的位置愈靠中心。     

西部地区旅游产业开发研究

本文从旅游业的竞争优势、资源评价、组合条件、定位优势和调整方向等方面分析了中国西部旅游业的发展现状,从交通、资金、基础设施、经营管理、地域观念等方面分析了西部旅游业的制约因素,研究了西部旅游业开发的指导中心、观念和原则,指出了西部旅游业在市场促销、形象定位、节事营销、生态发展、绿色体系、精品示范、电子网络、脱贫致富和教育服务等方面的开发战略。     

榆林市水资源可持续开发和利用研究

对榆林市水资源的基本特征和开发利用现状进行系统分析,通过科学合理的预测,提出了榆林市水资源可持续开发和利用的主要思路和途径。     

Effect of patch size on seed removal by harvester ants

The harvester ant Messor barbarus can be responsible for high weed seed losses in dry land cereals in Spain. Because weeds occur in patches, harvester ants have to be able to find and exploit patches. However, seed patches can differ in size and may, therefore, differ in the probability of being discovered and exploited. Here, 90 patches varying in size from 0.25 to 9 m² were created in three 50 × 50 m subareas in a cereal field. Oat seeds were sown as weed seed surrogates in the patches at 2000 seeds m^?2. After 24 h, those remaining were collected and the exploitation rate (the percentage of seeds removed per patch discovered by ants) was estimated. Harvester ant nests and the location of the seed patches were georeferenced and used to estimate distances between them. The patch encounter rate (the proportion of patches discovered by the ants) decreased slightly, but significantly, with decreasing patch size, though not the exploitation rate, which was lowest in the smallest patches (78–94%) and highest in the largest (99–100%). Seed patches that were not found or partially exploited were mostly located in subareas with a lower ant nest density or a longer distance away from the nearest nest than seed patches that were fully exploited. The results of this study indicate that the interaction between the spatial distribution of ant nests and the patchy distribution of seeds can create opportunities for seeds to be subjected to lower levels of predation.     

成熟型旅游地的RMIP拓展研究——西安市旅游业发展“十五”计划思路

西安作为一个成熟型的旅游目的地 ,正处于旅游生命周期的停滞阶段 ,面临激烈的市场竞争。本文在作者编制西安市旅游发展“十五”计划的基础上 ,从资源 (Resources)、市场(Market)、形象 (Image)和产品 (Product)四个方面对西安旅游拓展进行研究。将产品和市场的拓展与地区旅游形象重塑结合起来 ,并认为产品拓展的内涵是完善与深化西安旅游产品谱系和延伸旅游目的地产品空间 ,构建“大西安”旅游圈。基于RMIP的区域旅游拓展模式对于成熟型旅游目的地旅游可持续发展具有重要意义。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠旅游资源开发构思

沙漠是一种特殊的旅游资源 ,在国际上沙漠旅游正成为一种新兴的旅游方式。以塔克拉玛干沙漠旅游资源为研究对象 ,通过对沙漠中自然、人文资源的分析探讨 ,研究了沙漠旅游资源在开发利用中的优势和劣势 ,将沙漠旅游的客源层分为观光、探险和考古三类 ,并以此为基础设计了不同的旅游路线 ,对沙漠旅游的活动内容、大型节事、宣传促销和可持续发展对策进行了探讨。     

旅游社会-生态系统及其恢复力研究

人地关系和谐是区域旅游可持续发展的根本保障,合理、准确的耦合旅游社会-生态系统、探讨其内部运行规律将有利于人类加深认识变化中的旅游活动同环境的相互作用关系。文中在国内外相关研究的基础上,提出了基于旅游活动的社会-生态系统的概念及研究框架,探讨受外界及自身干扰下的旅游社会-生态系统的特征及动态运行机制。在此基础上,进一步...