不同砧木嫁接对番茄产量、品质及抗病性影响的研究

通过对9个不同番茄砧木品种与‘以色列大果’番茄接穗品种进行嫁接栽培试验,研究不同砧木对番茄亲和性、生长势、抗病性、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:不同番茄砧木嫁接能显著降低青枯病发病率,其生长势、产量均明显优于自根苗,但果形、品质与自根苗无明显差异。综合各性状分析,‘爱好’与‘亲和’两种砧木在亲和性、产量、抗病性等方面均表现优良,适宜作为番茄嫁接砧木进行示范推广种植。     

土壤添加物对外源化感物质处理下番茄生长的影响

通过田间随机区组栽培番茄的方式,向含有外源化感物质的土壤中添加稻壳和石灰氮,研究稻壳和石灰氮对外源化感物质毒害的缓解作用,为寻找高效合理的措施防治连作障碍的发生提供参考。结果表明:向含有外源化感物质的土壤中添加稻壳或石灰氮后,番茄植株的长势以及干物质积累明显高于未添加的对照组,说明稻壳和石灰氮具有缓解化感物质毒害的作用。试验还表明施入稻壳5 kg/m2或石灰氮100 g/m2缓解效果较为明显。     

大豆重迎茬专用肥肥料效应试验

6个环保型大豆专用肥配方和2个药肥的田间试验结果表明，通过不同营养元素的合理搭配，能达到杀死孢囊线虫或有害真菌的效果。在重茬发病地块，大豆专用肥能够促进大豆的生长发育。其中，配方1、4、6效果较好，分别比对照增产375.2%、400.8%和383.6%；施用量以撒施450kg/hm^2为最好。     

Synergistic interactions betweenRhizoctonia solani Kühn,Verticillium dahliae Kleb.,Meloidogyne spp. andPratylenchus neglectus (Rensch) Chitwood & Oteifa,in potato

Summary Samples of a sandy soil and a marine clay soil sterilized by steam were put in 55-1 containers insulated with polystyrene and placed outdoors on a brick pavement. Sandy soil was infested singly or in all possible combinations with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and the fungiRhizoctonia solani andVerticillium dahliae, and the marine clay soil was infested with the root-lesion nematodePratylenchus neglectus and the same fungi to evaluate the effects of these organisms on the yield of potato. The experiments were carried out from 1983 to 1986. Tuber yield was reduced by single infestations of theMeloidogyne spp. andV. dahliae but not significantly byR. solani orP. neglectus. A three-factor interaction: nematode ×R. solani × V. dahliae was found in both experiments.R. solani andV. dahliae showed significant synergistic effects when soil was infested with theMeloidogyne spp. orP. neglectus.     

小麦禾谷孢囊线虫病发生规律的初步研究

研究表明 ,小麦禾谷孢囊线虫病在安阳市一年发生一代。除小麦外 ,未发现危害其它植物。该病在安阳县发生普遍 ,发病田块达 78.8%。在目前推广的小麦品种中未发现高抗或免疫品种 ,但品种间抗病性有差异 ;不同轮作制度对该病的发生发展影响很大 ,采用合理的轮作方式是防治该病的有效措施之一     

Description of Aphelenchoides besseyi from Abnormal Rice with ‘Small Grains and Erect Panicles’ Symptom in China

In recent ten years, the symptom 'small grains and erect panicles' in rice was widespread in most rice growing areas of China, which generally caused yield loss ranging from 10% to 30%, even as high as 50% in heavily infected regions . It is a serious problem in the middle of Jiangsu Province and some regions of southern Jiangsu Province. The occurrence of the phenomenon 'small grains and erect panicles' in rice totaled 3.3 ×105 ha during 2001-2003 in Jiangsu Province, resulting in at least…     

美国大豆孢囊线虫生理小种及大豆品种抗性遗传育种研究进展

大豆孢囊线虫是美国大豆生产中造成损失最大的病害。目前从理论上用四个鉴别寄主把大豆孢囊线虫划分为１６个生理小种，但实际上未发现１１号、１２号和１３号生理小种。通过大规模品种资源筛选，已选出一大批抗源，较好的抗源有Ｐｅｋｉｎｇ、ＰＩ８８７８８和ＰＩ４３７６５４等。大豆品种对孢囊线虫的抗性由少数基因控制，在某些情况下与控制种皮颜色的基因有连锁，分子生物学研究表明，分子标记与大豆的抗性有关，ＲＦＬＰ和ＲＡ     

Preliminary studies on combiners and combinations for quality traits in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Line×Tester analysis of 2 testers and 10 lines was conducted for fruit quality characters. Though both general (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) variances contributed significantly for these traits, the contribution of sca variance was more prominent for titratable acidity, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid content, while for pericarp thickness gca variance was more important. The highest gca effects for pericarp thickness, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content and titratable acidity were recorded by the lines SM, Sioux, TT and SW 72, respectively. Based on pooled gca score, SW 72 was recognised as a good combiner for quality traits. The magnitude and significance of sca effects varied with the characters. Two superior crosses were identified and the implication of combining ability effects on handling these crosses are discussed.     

产紫青霉对烟草根结线虫病的生物防治研究

为评估产紫青霉对烟草根结线虫病的生防潜质,采用产紫青霉K1对南方根结线虫二龄幼虫及卵的活性进行了室内生测,同时利用了产紫青霉K1生物菌剂对烟草根结线虫病进行了2年2地的田间防效测定。结果表明：（1）产紫青霉K1菌株对南方根结线虫具有较强的毒杀活性,48 h对根结线虫2龄幼虫的校正致死率高达94.53%,对卵孵化的相对抑制效率达90.75%;（2）3种用量的产紫青霉对烟草根结线虫的防治效果及烤烟综合农艺性状、产质量和均价均优于33.00 kg/hm²的淡紫拟青霉,其中以41.25 kg/hm²产紫青霉的防治效果、综合农艺性状、产值量和均价最好,平均防效为80.60%,烟叶产量、产值和均价分别为2119.50 kg/hm²、56762.77元/hm²和26.78元/kg。因此,产紫青霉K1在烟草根结线虫生物防治领域具有较大的潜能,可作为攀枝花烟草根结线虫病生防菌加以开发应用,推荐使用方法及用量为在烟草移栽时使用41.25 kg/hm²产紫青霉K1一次。     

不同水溶肥料组配对设施番茄产量、 品质及土壤养分含量的影响

摘要：为研究不同水溶肥料配施在设施番茄水肥一体化中的应用效果,采用田间试验和室内试验 相结合的方法,研究了大量元素水溶肥料、中量元素水溶肥料、含腐植酸水溶肥料、含氨基酸水溶肥 料（中量元素型）、含氨基酸水溶肥料（微量元素型）等5种常见水溶肥料组配对番茄产量、品质及土 壤养分含量的影响。结果表明：施用不同组合水溶肥料均可以改善番茄农艺性状,具有显著的增产效 果,大量元素、大量元素＋中量元素、大量元素＋含腐植酸、大量元素＋含氨基酸（中量元素型）、大 量元素＋含氨基酸（微量元素型）水溶肥料处理667 m2 产量分别比清水对照提高8.3%、10.2%、5.3%、 5.6%和6.4%;同时还能改善番茄的品质和土壤养分状况,各处理VC含量分别比对照增加8.7%、13.4%、 23.8%、19.2%和16.9%,可溶性固形物含量分别比对照增加11.3%、14.5%、25.8%、24.2%和22.6%。综合 追肥效果,建议在设施番茄生产中,按照大量元素＋中量元素水溶肥料处理施肥以提高产量,或按照大量 元素＋含腐植酸水溶肥料处理施肥以提高番茄品质。