Response of soricid populations to repeated fire and fuel reduction treatments in the southern Appalachian Mountains

Fuel hazards have increased in forests across the United States because of fire exclusion during the 20th century. Treatments used to reduce fuel buildup may affect wildlife, such as shrews, living on the forest floor, especially when treatments are applied repeatedly. From mid-May to mid-August 2006 and 2007, we used drift fences with pitfall traps to capture shrews in western North Carolina in 3 fuel reduction treatment areas [(1) twice-burned (2003 and 2006), (2) mechanical understory cut (2002), and (3) mechanical understory cut (2002) followed by 2 burns (2003 and 2006)] and a control. We captured 77% fewer southeastern shrews (Sorex longirostris) in mechanical + twice-burned treatment areas than in mechanical treatment areas in 2006, but southeastern shrew captures did not differ among treatment areas in 2007. Total shrew captures did not differ among treatment areas in either year. Decreases in leaf litter, duff depth, and canopy cover in mechanical + twice-burned treatment areas may have decreased ground-level moisture, thereby causing short-term declines in southeastern shrew captures. Prescribed fire or mechanical fuel reduction treatments in the southern Appalachian Mountains did not greatly affect shrew populations, though the combination of both treatments may negatively affect some shrew species, at least temporarily.     

旅游干扰对祁连山风景区土壤性质的影响

本研究以祁连山大野口风景区为研究对象,初步探讨了旅游干扰对该区域土壤性质的影响。研究结果表明:祁连山风景区游客主要集中在5—8月,游客大多选择自驾游方式,以野炊、烧烤式旅游为主。旅游活动对核心区表层土壤的pH、体积质量、含水量及有机质影响较大。随着旅游活动干扰程度的降低,0~10 cm土层土壤pH逐渐上升,10~20 cm土层pH变化不大。土壤体积质量表现出:核心区缓冲区背景区,而土壤含水量则为:背景区缓冲区核心区。核心区和缓冲区土壤表层有机质含量受游客活动影响较大,显著低于背景区,分别占背景区的63.6%和60.1%。表层土壤全氮、全磷、全钾含量均表现出:背景区缓冲区核心区,而10~20 cm土层全量含量差异不大。不同区域土壤速效养分0~10 cm土层含量高于10~20 cm土层含量。核心区表层土壤水解氮、速效磷含量偏高,而深层土壤速效磷含量较高。各个有效微量元素在0~10 cm土层含量普遍高于10~20 cm土层,且在核心区含量均较高。     

祁连山林业洪水灾害及防治对策

祁连山林区降水时空分布不均,每2～3年在雨季会出现大雨或暴雨天气,引起山洪暴发,对生态环境和林业生产也造成一定破坏。总结实践经验,提出暴雨洪灾的防御策略措施。     

大兴安岭火烧迹地植被恢复中植物多样性与生物量分配格局

为了探讨火烧迹地植被恢复中植物多样性和生物量及二者关系,采用时空互代法,以大兴安岭重度火烧迹地不同恢复年限落叶松人工林为研究对象,以天然白桦林作为对照样地,对乔木层、灌木层、草本层和群落物种多样性指数及生物量进行了研究。结果表明:1)植被恢复过程中,草本层丰富度指数(Margalef指数)、Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数(Pielou指数)高于乔木层和灌木层,群落物种多样性呈波动式变化,恢复21年群落Margalef指数和Shannon-Wiener指数最高,恢复13年群落Pielou指数最高。植被恢复过程中群落多样性指数均高于天然白桦林。2)植被恢复过程中群落生物量为10.80~123.96 t/hm2,随恢复年限的增加逐渐增大,恢复21和24年群落生物量高于天然白桦林。草本层生物量占群落生物量比例最低,恢复3年群落枯落物层蓄积量占群落生物量比例最高,其余恢复年限乔木层生物量占群落生物量比例最高。3)乔木层Margalef指数与生物量呈极显著正相关。灌木层Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数与生物量呈极显著负相关,Pielou指数与生物量相关系数最高。草本层多样性与生物量相关性不显著。群落Shannon-Wiener指数与地表生物量呈极显著负相关。由此可知,人工更新灌木层和草本层多样性恢复效果优于天然更新,人工更新恢复21和24年的生物量恢复效果优于天然更新,植被恢复过程中植物多样性和生物量存在一定相关性。      

六盘山香水河小流域地形与植被类型对降雨径流系数的影响

基于GIS和SPSS支持下的数据分析,结合宁夏六盘山区香水河小流域2004—2005年6—10月的降雨、径流观测资料,对流域的坡向、海拔和植被对降雨径流的影响进行研究,结果表明：就不同植被类型来看,径流系数以人工林的最大,灌丛的次之,亚高山草甸的最小;就海拔而言,径流系数大小依次为低海拔（2060-2350 m）〉中海拔（2350-2640 m）〉高海拔（2640-2930 m）,随着海拔从低到高的变化,天然林的径流系数表现为从高到低再升高的变化趋势,而人工林和灌丛则表现为先增加后减小的变化趋势,亚高山草甸从中海拔至高海拔区呈增大趋势;从不同坡向来看,径流系数大小依次为南坡〉西坡〉北坡〉东坡。     

Quantitative dynamics on stimulating regeneration and sowing seedlings of Larix gmelinii in Daxing''''an Mountains

Introduction4LarixgmeliniiisoneofmajortimberspeciesinthenortheastDaxing'anMountainsinChina.Itplaysanimportantroleinprovidinglumber,maintainingthenaturalenvironmentinthisregionandadjustingecologicalequilibrium.Alargenumberofburnedareasandcut-overareasneedtoregenerateeveryyear.Larixgmeliniihasgreatnaturalregenerationcapabilityandenoughseedsources,andalmostmeetsabumperharvestyeareverythreeyears(Xuetal.1992;Shan1990;Xuetal.1993).Someburnedandloggedareaswouldberapidlyrestoredthroughafewofassista…     

林火对长白山自然保护区风灾区土壤性质的影响

以2012年长白山国家级自然保护区西坡风灾区森林火灾为研究背景，采用常规土壤分析方法研究了不同火烧强度下土壤理化性质的变化情况．结果表明：火烧后土壤容重和土壤含水率随火烧强度的增强显著下降；0～6cm土壤pH，土壤有机质，土壤全C、全N、速效P、速效K质量分数经轻度和中度火烧后均呈显著增加趋势；在火烧强度因子的控制下，对各养分质量分数进行的偏相关分析显示，除土壤pH外，其他各养分间存在显著的相关性．     

Wild fruit resources and exploitation in Xiaoxing’an Mountains

The ornamental characters, nutritious composition, edible value and medical value of thirteen kinds of major wild fruit resources in Xiaoxing’an Mountains Region were synthetically analyzed such asRosa spp.,Actinidia spp. and so on. The results showed that the wild fruit resources in this region had important garden ornamental value, edible value and medical value. A lot of good germplasm resources and honey plant resources hadn’t been effectively protected and enough utilized. The right way of appropriate arrangement and reasonable exploitation of wild fruit resources in this region should be benefit to get rid of economic crisis early in this region. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

Dynamics of Betula ermanni population in subalpine vegetation in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

lntroductionNotonIyaretimberIinesthemostconspicuousvegetationboundaryinhighmountains,buttheyareaIsoanimportantecologicaIboundary(Bruce1996,Thomas1997).NowondersthenthosetimberIineshaveaIwaysattractedresearchersforbothscientificandpracticaIreasons.InChangbaiMountain,forexample,therestorationoftheclimatictimberlineandestabIishmentofanedectiveprotectiveforestarethetWoprincipalobjectivesofhigh-mountainfor-estmanagement.AIsointhisconnection,thepotentiaIresponseoftimberlinestoexpectedclimaticc…     

河北太行山区县域农业可持续发展能力系统评价与分析

【研究目的】为了研究河北省太行山区25个县(市、区)的农业可持续发展能力及趋势;【方法】笔者通过文献对比分析和专家调查法,确定了评价山区农业可持续发展能力的指标体系,涵括了人口、经济、社会、资源和环境五个层次,共计31个指标,以此对河北省太行山区25个县(市、区)农业可持续发展能力的评价分析;【结果】分析结果显示,该区农业发展趋势整体是可持续的,但25个县(市、区)的发展能力和发展速度表现各异,其总体评价值年增长率变化有强有弱,多年平均在0￣12%之间。农业可持续发展能力高的地区评价值年平均增长率为8%￣12%、发展能力中等地区评价值年平均增长率为4%￣8%、发展能力低下的地区评价值年平均增长率为0￣4%。【结论】发展能力高的地区,虽然对资源利用和环境的压力较大,但其社会、人口、经济的发展基本与生态环境协调共进;可持续发展能力低的地区,其社会、人口、经济的发展与资源环境发展不协调,而且对资源的利用效率低,对生态环境的破坏也比较大。