一株七彩鸟肺炎克雷伯菌同时产TEM和SHV型β-内酰胺酶的基因型鉴定

用全自动细茵鉴定系统鉴定分离菌,用表型确证试验法检测超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs),并分别用TEM、SHV、CTX-M 3种特异性引物进行PCR扩增、基因克隆及测序分析,确定分离茵所产β-内酰胺酶的基因型和基因亚型.结果表明:分离茵为产ESBLs的肺炎克雷伯菌,具有多重耐药特性,其质粒上具有TEM序列和SHV序列,基因亚型分别TEM-1型和SHv-11型.     

五种鸟体羽虱卵扫描电镜观察

为了了解褐马鸡、白马鸡、绿孔雀、珍珠鸡和白腹锦鸡体上的5种羽虱形态的亚微结构进行了扫描电镜观察,结果证实各种羽虱卵卵壳的凹孔大小、凹孔间脊突的排列方向、间脊突表面所具有的微孔和微刺、卵前端卵体周缘的结构及指状突的有无,5种羽虱卵各有差异,这些特征均可作为种间分类依据。     

红河州部分湿地越冬水鸟快速调查

为配合禽流感监测,西南林学院保护生物学学院与红河州林业局于2006年2月7~9日对红河州越冬水鸟进行了一次快速调查,共记录到越冬水鸟9目8科43种,约3万余只。     

东阿拉善-西鄂尔多斯地区特有濒危植物空间分布图的编制

通过对东阿拉善———西鄂尔多斯狭域地区 1 5种特有濒危植物进行野外实地调查 ,获得第一手资料并进行分类整理 ,结合该地区不同时段的航、卫、遥感图片和TM、ETM、数据磁带 ,采用PCI图像处理软件进行处理加工 ,同时结合东阿拉善———西鄂尔多斯地区的地形图以及土壤类型分布图内蒙古珍稀植物图谱进行综合分析 ,建立该地区 1 5种濒危植物的解译标志 ,最后利用ARC/INFO地理信息软件在人机交互条件下绘制出 1 5种特有濒危植物的空间分布图。     

鸟害防治技术及其在农林中的应用展望

鸟害造成的粮食减产、水果品质降低等问题严重制约农林经济发展，因此鸟害防治在农林经营过程中有重要的研究意义与应用价值。通过概述鸟害防治技术分类与特点，重点对激光驱鸟技术、声波驱鸟技术以及鸟情监测综合防治技术的发展历程和现状进行归纳，分析出当前农林驱鸟装备正从电子化向智能化发展的趋势。针对目前鸟害防治装备还存在易被鸟类适应、协同性差、通用性差等问题，提出建立鸟类生物学信息库为驱鸟装备提供发展依据，弱化鸟类适应能力；发展智慧农林推进农林鸟害防治的信息化与协同工作能力；培育农林抗鸟害作物，并开发先进鸟类监测算法提高识别率提前规避鸟害，做到鸟害治理为主，预防为辅。     

Substantial advancement in aquaria rearing methods to assist recovery of an Endangered soft coral

1. The temperate soft coral Dendronephthya australis has been listed as Endangered in NSW, Australia, owing to its restricted geographic range, rapidly declining populations, and a number of escalating threats. Research to assess practical methods for aquarium cultivation of D. australis for rehabilitation of wild populations is considered a high priority.
2. Previous attempts at restoration by transplanting D. australis fragments have had limited success, but identified key challenges, which included achieving attachment to substrates and identifying appropriate foods to maximize survival.
3. This study presents the results of experiments promoting the attachment of cuttings (nubbins) removed from donor colonies to moveable substrates (small concrete discs). Using a balanced orthogonal experimental design, three feeding regimes were tested: live artemia, live rotifers and dry powdered zooplankton.
4. Donor colony survival and growth were also monitored over a 6 month period in the field.
5. An overall nubbin survival rate of 100% was achieved under all three feeding regimes. Attachment rates were similar across feeding treatments, although nubbin behavioural responses (percentage of open polyps before feeding) suggested some preference for live rotifers.
6. The cutting removal process had no significant effect on donor colonies in the wild, indicating that this is a sustainable approach for restoration.
7. Overall, this study substantially advances the methodology for maintaining an Endangered azooxanthellate soft coral in aquaria and provides valuable input for management programmes aimed at implementing transplantation into the wild to aid species recovery.

     

基于Inception-CSA深度学习模型的鸟鸣分类

为进一步提高通过声音识别鸟类的精确度，本研究提出基于Inception-CSA深度学习模型的鸟鸣声分类方法，包含鸟鸣声音频样本预处理、特征提取、分类器分类等步骤。首先将鸟鸣声样本预处理成尺寸相同的梅尔频谱图，作为鸟鸣声特征图；其次利用Inception-CSA模型对鸟鸣声特征图进行特征提取，其中Inception模块提取鸟鸣声特征图中的多尺度局部时频域特征，CSA模块获取鸟鸣声特征图的全局注意力权重，将二者的输出结合得到更强的特征图，再次利用最大池化层对特征图进行下采样；最后利用全连接层进行分类，得到最终的分类结果。以采集的华南地区自然环境中的10种野生鸟类的鸣叫声构建数据集，用于实验部分以验证方法的有效性。结果表明，本研究提出的方法在自建数据集上准确率达到了93.11%，相比于基于其他经典模型的分类方法，基于Inception-CSA模型的分类方法在拥有较少模型参数量的同时达到了更高的准确率。     

Endangered lowland oak forest steppe remnants keep unique bird species richness in Central Hungary

The biodiversity of natural or semi-natural native,old oak woodlands have high conservation impor-tance,especially in landscapes of monocultural forest plan-tations and arable fields.With a wider variety of microhabi-tats and foraging sources,such old oak forests can provide essential habitat for native forest bird communities.We con-ducted a study using bird point counts to compare the forest bird communities of old pedunculate oak (Quercus robur)remnants with native and non-native plantations in central Hungary in a landscape of mostly arable fields,settlements,and monocultural plantations.Avian surveys were carried out in old oak forest remnants,middle-aged oak,white pop-lar (Populus alba),hybrid poplar (Populus × euramericana),black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia),and pine (Pinus spp.)plantations.Fieldwork has been carried out in nine study sites,where all six habitat types were represented (with a few exceptions),to determine total abundance,species rich-ness,Shannon-Wiener diversity,species evenness,domi-nant and indicator species,and guild abundances.We found that old oak forest remnants were the most diverse habitats among the studied forest types,while hybrid poplar and pine plantations exhibited the lowest avian biodiversity.The avian guilds most sensitive to the loss of old oak forest remnants were ground foragers,bark foragers,cavity-nest-ers,residents,and Mediterranean migratory birds.Native habitats were more diverse than non-native plantations.Our results suggest that it is important to conserve all remaining high biodiversity old oak stands and to avoid clear-cutting of monocultural plantations in favour of practices such as mixed-species plantations,longer rotation lengths,or reten-tion forestry.