毛细管柱气相色谱法测定驱鸟剂中邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯

用色谱级无水乙醇超声萃取驱鸟剂中邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯,毛细管柱气相色谱法测定,试验结果表明,其相关系数为0.999 8,超声萃取效率达到87.8%以上,方法简单、准确、灵敏度高。     

Diversity of polyporous fungi (Polyporaceae) in northern boreal forests: effects of forest site type and logging intensity

The effects of forest site type and logging intensity on polyporous fungi were studied in subxeric, mesic and herb-rich forests and spruce mires in northern Finland. The species richness of polypores did not follow the fertility gradient of the site types, but was connected with the amount and diversity of coarse woody debris (CWD). The total number of species, and the numbers of indicator and threatened species were equal in subxeric pine forests and in more fertile spruce-dominated stands. The species composition of pine-dominated forests differed conspicuously from that of spruce-dominated site types. The total number of species was not affected by logging intensity, but no virgin forest species or threatened species were found on the sites where the number of cut stumps exceeded 150 stumps ha^?1. Increasing logging intensity decreased the number of polypore observations, indicating reduced substrate availability. The results stress the importance of protecting not only fertile spruce-dominated stands, but also poorer, pine-dominated forests, and sites with high and diverse CWD content.     

河南省柞蚕区食蚕鸟类的生物学调查与防御措施

通过近五年在我省柞蚕区的调查,河南有食蚕鸟类20余种。调查了对柞蚕危害较重的几种鸟的形态特征及生活习性,并根据基本活动规律,制订了相应防御措施。     

2011年南涧凤凰山夜间鸟类环志研究

2011年南涧凤凰山夜间鸟类环志历时69 d,采用灯光诱捕的方法,共环志放飞鸟类99种2 822只,分属12个目23个科.文中对环志鸟的种类、数量及珍稀濒危鸟类、凤凰山环志新记录种等作了阐述,并对鸟类环志工作提出“早解网,早环志,早放飞”,建立环志鸟种类图片库,重视卫生安全,加强候鸟保护等建议.     

陕西黄河湿地鸟类资源调查分析与研究

陕西黄河湿地是我国中、西部国际候鸟的主要栖息地之一和内陆候鸟迁徙通道上的重要驿站,区内生境多样,鸟类资源十分丰富。通过对湿地内高生芦苇区、低矮芦苇区、盐碱地、农田、鱼塘、莲池、滩涂、林地等不同生境类型的鸟类分布情况进行的调查分析,结果共记录到16目39科132种,较2005年增加了3科13种,为陕西黄河湿地鸟类资源保护提供了科学依据。     

Digestive efficiency of indigenous and invasive avian species fed fruit of invasive alien plants in South Africa

Many highly invasive plant species produce fleshy fruit that are consumed and dispersed by frugivorous birds. However, little is known about assimilation efficiency of invasive fruit by indigenous and invasive avian species. We investigated whether indigenous Knysna (Tauraco corythaix) and Purple-crested (Gallirex porphyreolophus) Turacos and invasive alien Rose-ringed Parakeets (Psittacula krameri) met their energy demands when fed fruits of four fleshy- fruited invasive alien plant species: Solanum mauritianum, Cinnamomum camphora, Psidium guajava and Morus alba. Birds were fed single-fruit diets for two consecutive days and energetic parameters were calculated for all fruit diets. Our results showed that generally both invasive and indigenous avian species managed to gain their daily energy requirements from fruits of the four respective invasive plants, suggesting that they can meet their energetic demands by feeding on them only. The exception was P. krameri, which did not feed on S. mauritianum fruit. These findings may explain why fruits of invasive alien plants are attractive to most avian frugivores and highlight the role of avian frugivores in their dispersal.     

Grassland bird response to vegetation structural heterogeneity and clearing of invasive bramble

Spatial and temporal patterns of disturbance and the subsequent heterogeneity are critical in maintaining biodiversity within grassland ecosystems. Grassland birds have evolved within this ‘shifting mosaic’ to become reliant on specific habitat characteristics maintained under varying levels of both natural and anthropogenic disturbance. Unfortunately, grasslands in South Africa have been extensively transformed and remain poorly conserved, threatening grassland avifauna. Mistbelt grassland is a threatened vegetation type endemic to the province of KwaZulu-Natal, of which only 0.3% is formally protected. This study investigated seasonal and patch type heterogeneity in a Mistbelt grassland avian community by determining avian community structure and composition in four patch types, i.e. i) untransformed open grassland, ii) burnt grassland, iii) bramble-invaded and, iv) bramble-cleared grassland, during winter and summer. Avian assemblages were significantly different between the different patch types for each season. The bramble patch type negatively affected grassland bird species diversity. Bramble-cleared grassland and untransformed grassland had similar vegetation structure and avian communities in the summer, suggesting that the grassland bird community benefitted soon after the clearing of invasive vegetation. This study provides further evidence that bird diversity is enhanced in structurally heterogeneous grassland landscapes. Furthermore, the protection and appropriate management of privately owned Mistbelt grassland, conserved in the form of rangeland, is an important refuge for threatened and endemic avifauna, such as the globally-threatened blue swallow (Hirundo atrocaerulea) and wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus).     

Human Impacts on Forest Biodiversity in Protected Walnut-Fruit Forests in Kyrgyzstan

We used a spatially explicit model of forest dynamics, supported by empirical field data and socioeconomic data, to examine the impacts of human disturbances on a protected forest landscape in Kyrgyzstan. Local use of 27 fruit and nut species was recorded and modeled. Results indicated that in the presence of fuelwood cutting with or without grazing, species of high socioeconomic importance such as Juglans regia, Malus spp., and Armeniaca vulgaris were largely eliminated from the landscape after 50–150 yr. In the absence of disturbance or in the presence of grazing only, decline of these species occurred at a much lower rate, owing to competitive interactions between tree species. This suggests that the current intensity of fuelwood harvesting is not sustainable. Conversely, current grazing intensities were found to have relatively little impact on forest structure and composition, and could potentially play a positive role in supporting regeneration of tree species. These results indicate that both positive and negative impacts on biodiversity can arise from human populations living within a protected area. Potentially, these could be reconciled through the development of participatory approaches to conservation management within this reserve, to ensure the maintenance of its high conservation value while meeting human needs.     

董寨国家级自然保护区2006～2016年鸟类环志的初步研究

总结了董寨国家级自然保护区2006~2016年的鸟类环志数据。这11年共环志鸟类151种50473只,其中有国家二级保护动物15种。环志数量超过2000只的鸟种有9种,分别为棕头鸦雀、红头长尾山雀、红胁蓝尾鸲、银喉长尾山雀、黄腹山雀、大山雀、黄眉柳莺、黄腰柳莺、强脚树莺,占总环志鸟类数量的69.9%。51种鸟类的1857只个体在环志后的下一个年度或以后被重捕。重捕的鸟类中,棕头鸦雀的数量最多,达到808只;夜鹭的重捕率最高,10.3%的个体被重捕;71.8%的个体是在首次环志后的下一年被环志到,少数个体首次环志与重捕的时间跨度较长,可达到7年。     

南京市仙林大学城冬季鸟类多样性初步调查——以文澜路3所高校为例

物种多样性已成为评估一个地区生态环境质量优劣的主要标准。2017年11月—2018年1月,采用样线法对南京森林警察学院、南京师范大学、南京财经大学3所高校的仙林校区开展了鸟类资源调查。共记录鸟类20种,其中南京森林警察学院仙林校区鸟类12种,隶属3目10科,其中留鸟11种,鸟类区系以古北界为主;南京师范大学仙林校区鸟类17种,隶属5目13科,留鸟14种,以广布种为主;南京财经大学仙林校区鸟类16种,隶属4目11科,留鸟13种,以广布种为主。3所校区鸟类组成兼具古北界和东洋界成分,以古北种占优势,广布种比例也较高。由SPSS分析结果知,南京师范大学和南京财经大学校区的鸟类物种多样性指数在乔木林、灌丛、草丛、水域和建筑区均高于南京森林警察学院校区。对比鸟类均匀性指数,南京师范大学在乔木林、水域和建筑区最高,南京森林警察学院则在灌丛和草丛环境最高。