蛹虫草无性型的研究Ⅰ.分生孢子形态观察与发酵液的检测

对蛹虫草的无性型进行培养，观察了分生孢子的形态，并对其深层发酵培养物进行了检测．     

The Element Flexibility Matrix of Thin-walled Beam and Its Application

In this paper, the calculation of the space deformation of thin-walled element by "dynamic coordinate method" is explained in detail through an example. The thin-walled element with different shear-centers on one section is analyzed and calculated by this method as well, then, the element flexibility matrix is presented. Some difficulties in calculation of thin-walled structures with "plane bending theory" and "constrict twist theory" are overcome, showing the advantages of this method.     

显式有限元技术在车身薄壁梁结构件数值模拟中的应用

对汽车碰撞中车身主要吸能构件之一的典型截面的薄壁梁进行了动态仿真．介绍了动态显式有限元技术的基本理论,指出了薄壁梁构件仿真的关键技术,即接触碰撞算法和焊点的模拟,着重讨论了对焊点的处理情况,并在自主开发的程序中完成了整个仿真计算,最后将有限元仿真结果和试验结果进行了比较,可以看出应用该算法能够较好地模拟梁的屈曲变形情况,算法的有效性得以验证。     

从蜡蚧轮枝菌昆明菌株KM9803获得抗紫外线菌株生物学特性研究*

 对14个菌株生物学特性的研究表明,KM9803A菌株、KM9803F菌株、KM9803G菌株、Z1菌株、Z2菌株、H2菌株耐紫外线能力较强。KM9803A与KM9803C两菌株的生长速度最快;产孢量仍以出发菌株KM9803菌株最多。35℃孢子萌芽率最高为KM9803C菌株。出发菌株KM9803的孢子萌发率较大多数菌株低。初步研究了室外紫外线照射对孢子萌发率的影响,结果表明,KM9803A菌株和KM9803G菌株在室外紫外线照射下的孢子萌发率较高,说明耐紫外线能力较强。     

咯菌腈对四种牡丹叶片病原真菌的抑制活性

【目的】探究咯菌腈对牡丹黑斑病菌(Alternaria suffruticosae)、黄斑病菌(Phyllosticta commonsii)、腔孢叶斑病菌(Hainesia lythri)和叶霉病菌(Cladosporium paeoniae)菌丝生长、孢子萌发、芽管伸长及产孢的抑制活性,分析咯菌腈在牡丹病害化学防治上的应用前景。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法测定咯菌腈对菌丝生长的抑制活性,采用涂布平板法测定咯菌腈对孢子萌发、产孢时间及产孢量、芽管伸长及芽管和孢子形态的影响。【结果】咯菌腈对腔孢叶斑病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,EC_(50)为0.01μg·mL~(-1),其次为黑斑病菌和黄斑病菌,分别为0.07和0.35μg·mL~(-1);咯菌腈对4种病菌的孢子萌发均有较强的抑制作用,对腔孢叶斑病菌的抑制作用最强,其EC_(50)为1.26μg·mL~(-1),对其他3种病菌孢子萌发的EC_(50)在3.27—3.45μg·mL~(-1);0.1μg·mL~(-1)咯菌腈对4种病菌分生孢子芽管伸长的抑制率在40%—70%,表明咯菌腈对4种病菌分生孢子芽管伸长均有明显的抑制作用,浓度越大抑制作用越强,各浓度间差异显著,其中对腔孢叶斑病菌芽管伸长抑制的EC_(50)为0.04μg·mL~(-1),抑制作用最强,对其他3种病菌芽管伸长的EC_(50)在0.08—0.22μg·mL~(-1);咯菌腈对黑斑病菌和黄斑病菌分生孢子和芽管的致畸作用强烈,可导致孢子及芽管膨大、过度分枝,而对叶霉病菌和腔孢叶斑病菌致畸作用较弱,芽管及孢子形态基本正常;咯菌腈可推迟黑斑病菌、黄斑病菌及叶霉病菌的产孢时间,对黑斑病菌产孢量的抑制作用最强,EC_(50)为0.05μg·mL~(-1),对叶霉病菌次之,EC_(50)为0.38μg·mL~(-1),但对腔孢叶斑病菌产孢有促进作用。【结论】咯菌腈对牡丹黑斑病菌及腔孢叶斑病菌的菌丝生长、孢子萌发及芽管伸长均有很强的抑制作用,但对腔孢叶斑产孢具有一定的促进作用;对叶霉病菌和黄斑病菌孢子萌发及芽管伸长、黄斑病菌菌丝生长及叶霉病菌产孢的抑制作用强烈;由于咯菌腈内吸活性较弱,无法抑制已侵入牡丹叶片的病原真菌的生长,故建议作为保护剂在病害发生前施用。     

Conidia of one Fusarium solani isolate from a soybean-production field enable to be virulent to soybean and make soybean seedlings wilted

Fusarium is usually thought to cause soybean root rot,which results in a large quantity of annual yield loss in soybean production,by its secretions including Fusarium toxins and cell wall degrading enzymes,but not by the conidia themselves that do not underlie any virulence so far.Here we report that the conidia of one Fusarium solani isolate are able to be virulent to soybean and make soybean seedlings wilted alone.We isolated them from the wilted plants in a soybean-production field and molecularly identified 17 Fusarium isolates through phylogenetic analysis.Of them,except for one isolate that showed diversity of virulence to different soybeans(virulent to one soybean whereas avirulent to another soybean),the others were all virulent to the two tested soybeans:both conidia cultures and secretions could make soybean seedlings wilted at 5 days post infection,and their virulence had dosage effects that only conidia cultures of at least 5×10~6 conidia mL~(-1) could show virulence to soybean;however,the sole conidia of the F.solani isolate #4 also exhibited virulence to soybean and could make soybean seedlings wilted.Finally,we developed the specific cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences(CAPS)markers to easily differentiate Fusarium isolates.The isolate #4 in this work will likely be used to investigate the new mechanism of virulence of Fusarium to soybean.     

山东省危害核桃的链格孢属真菌鉴定及其系统发育

为了明确危害核桃的链格孢属Alternaria真菌种类,对34个供试菌株在PCA培养基上的培养特征、产孢表型、分生孢子特征等进行了研究,并采用ITS、OPA2-1和OPA1-3序列分析其系统发育。其中33个菌株为链格孢A.alternata,1个为细极链格孢A.tenuissima。链格孢:菌落灰色;孢子链短、分枝频繁,每条分枝含4～10个孢子;分生孢子多倒梨形,孢身平均25.6μm×7.4μm,横隔膜2～8个。细极链格孢:菌落褐色;孢子链长、少分枝,孢子链约含10个孢子;分生孢子多长椭圆形,孢身平均26.3μm×13.5μm,具柱状喙及假喙,主横隔膜1～6个,孢身中部的隔膜较粗。链格孢属真菌在遗传上有较大差异,ITS、OPA2-1和OPA1-3序列对链格孢小孢子种具有一定的区分作用,链格孢是危害核桃的主要链格孢属种。     

花生网斑病原菌孢子差异及其致病力分析

花生网斑病（peanut web blotch），由花生亚隔孢壳菌（Didymella arachidicola）引起，病原菌又称花生茎点霉（Phoma arachidicola）或派伦霉（Peyronella arachidicola），在我国南北的各大花生产区均有发生，已成为生产上严重的叶部病害。为筛选产孢效率高、致病力强的菌株，研究病原菌进化机制和环境适应性，从来自不同地区的花生网斑病叶片样本中分离病原菌菌株，研究分生孢子及致病力差异。结果表明，18个菌株中YY187的产孢时间最短，22℃黑暗条件下燕麦琼脂培养基培养7 d即可产孢；菌株YY187和NY206产生的分生孢子器数量显著多于其它菌株；采用孢子悬浮液接种花生叶片，供试所有菌株均可造成叶片发病，其中菌株LY128和YY187在供试18个菌株中致病力相对较强。因此，综合评价产孢效率更高、致病力更强的本地菌株YY187适合作为花生抗网斑病研究的材料。