SSR标记技术在大豆中的应用

SSR分子标记因具有共显性、多态性丰富、在大豆基因组中分布广等众多优点而被广泛应用于大豆研究中.从大豆遗传多样性分析、分子图谱构建和QTL数量性状定位、品种鉴别3方面分别阐述了SSR分子标记在大豆研究中的应用和最新进展,并对SSR分子标记在大豆研究领域的发展前景进行了展望.     

AFLP荧光标记和银染技术的比较分析

为了建立准确、高效、实用的AFLP体系和方法,采用改进的CTAB-DNA提取方法从披碱草的嫩叶中提取降解少、样品纯度高、蛋白去除干净、不含PCR反应抑制剂及其他酶反应抑制剂的总DNA.选取3对引物扩增,采用AFLP荧光标记和银染法对披碱草全基因组多态性进行了分析,其中荧光标记法得到231条条带,银染法得到75条条带,平均每条引物荧光标记技术比银染法多得到52条条带,多态比率是银染法的1.8倍.据此认为荧光标记法检测效果较为理想,适于进行披碱草遗传多样性的分析和研究.     

烟台市林地“一张图”建设发展回顾与展望

阐述烟台市林地“一张图”从初建到规范管理的发展历程,详细介绍林地“一张图”在建设、修正完善、林地年度变更各阶段的技术方法。烟台市林地“一张图”的建设,建立了适用于地方区划的监测系统,培养锻炼了一批复合型技术人员,其时效性和准确性逐年稳步提高,实用性逐年增强。将林地“一张图”与第三次国土调查成果进行融合构建自然资源“一张图”势在必行。藉此,提出统一自然资源区划界线,整合建立自然资源信息管理系统,完善自然资源监测机制和保障体系等建议。     

Construction of high-density SNP genetic maps and QTL mapping for dwarf-related traits in Litchi chinensis Sonn

Litchi chinensis Sonn is widely cultivated in subtropical regions and has an important economic value. A high-density genetic map is a valuable tool for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) and marker-assisted breeding programs. In this study, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based high-density linkage map was constructed by a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) protocol using an F₁ population of 178 progenies between two commercial litchi cultivars, ‘Ziniangxi’ (dwarf) and ‘Feizixiao’ (vigorous). The genetic map consisted of 3027 SNP markers with a total length of 1711.97 cM in 15 linkage groups (LGs) and an average marker distance of 0.57 cM. Based on this high-density linkage map and three years of phenotyping, a total of 37 QTLs were detected for eight dwarf-related traits, including length of new branch (LNB), diameter of new branch (DNB), length of common petiole (LCP), diameter of common petiole (DCP), length of internode (LI), length of single leaf (LSL), width of single leaf (WSL), and plant height (PH). These QTLs could explain 8.0 to 14.7% (mean=9.7%) of the phenotypic variation. Among them, several QTL clusters were observed, particularly on LG04 and LG11, which might show enrichment for genes regulating the dwarf-related traits in litchi. There were 126 candidate genes identified within the QTL regions, 55 of which are differentially expressed genes by RNA-seq analysis between ‘Ziniangxi’ and ‘Feizixiao’. These DEGs were found to participate in the regulation of cell development, material transportation, signal transduction, and plant morphogenesis, so they might play important roles in regulating plant dwarf-related traits. The high-density genetic map and QTLs identification related to dwarf traits can provide a valuable genetic resource and a basis for marker-assisted selection and genomic studies of litchi.     

知识地图--知识管理的有效工具

知识地图是知识管理系统中一个十分重要的工具，它能够使信息共享者在浩如烟海的信息中快速找到自己所需要的部分，及时准确地做出决策。本文通过对知识地图的概念、功能、设计原则等问题的阐述说明了知识地图的建立是知识管理实施的基础，它的作用是规划知识管理方案并推动知识管理的实践。     

Automated soil map compilation

Abstract

A soil map is eonventionally prepared by an experieneed surveyor via the following three steps; (1) establishment of taxonomie class, (2) alloeation of sam pie into one of the classes, and (3) delineation of homogeneous areas in terms of mapping unit. These steps involve some degree of arbitrariness; thus soil maps prepared by two surveyors are never identical. The aim of this study is to define a eertain proeedure of soil map eompilation, by introdueing numerical handling of soil data, to obtain a reproducible and easy-to-prepare soil map, with the help of the funetions of the eomputer-based Soil Data Management System (COSMAS).

The authors applied Hayashi's theory of quantification No. 3 to numerical representation of soil profiles based on the pattern of eombination of various soil attributes relevant to soil classification. The following four soH types were recognized in the seattergram plotted using numerical va lues assigned to the soH profiles; Gley Lowland SoH, Gray Lowland Soil, Brown Lowland Soil and Pseudogley SoH. Then, using these numerical values, diseriminant analysis was carried out to classify each profile into one of the above-defined soil types. As a result, 89.7% of the observed profiles were assigned to the same soil types as assigned by a surveyor in the filed. Area delineation for each mapping unit on the basis of soil type assignment and probabHity of membership of a respective soil type group at a sampled si te was automatieally performed by an "AUTOMAP" program whieh was newly developed for COSMAS for graphic representation of soil data. The numerically prepared soi! map showed reasonable agreement with the surveyor's. A wide range of users of soil survey data can prepare various maps using the procedure proposed in this paper.     

基于CitespaceⅢ的国际图情领域关联数据研究可视化分析

结合文献计量统计方法和CitespaceⅢ软件对1999年—2014年ISI Web of ScienceTM核心合集数据库收录的912篇图情领域关联数据研究文献分别从研究现状、知识基础、研究热点、研究前沿4个方面进行了可视化分析,进而揭示了国际图情领域关联数据研究的特点、规律及动态过程。     

GBS高密度遗传连锁图谱定位甘蓝型油菜粉色花性状

甘蓝型油菜花瓣颜色是重要的观赏性状,花瓣颜色的选育和改良已成为材料创制的主要研究方向。目前对甘蓝型油菜粉色花性状定位研究未见报道。本研究以甘蓝型油菜纯系黄花62和甘蓝型油菜纯系粉花77为亲本构建双单倍体(doubled haploid,DH)群体。利用简化基因组测序技术(genotyping-by-sequencing,GBS)筛选出3253个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)标记,构建了全长1766.06 cM甘蓝型油菜连锁图谱,标记间平均遗传距离为0.54 cM;使用WinQTL Cartographer复合区间作图方法对粉色花性状进行数量性状座位(quantitative trait locus,QTL)定位,检测到位于A07和C03染色体上各1个QTL;将定位区间内基因与甘蓝和白菜同源基因进行线性比对,在这些区间中找到了一些存在于3个物种的同源基因;对粉色花定位区间内基因进行可变剪切分析发现,2个花色相关基因BnaA07g15980D和BnaA07g17500D在亲本粉色花瓣中发生内含子保留可变剪切。上述研究结果为甘蓝型油菜粉色花相关基因精细定位和分子连锁标记开发提供了更多线索。     

基于两个陆地棉低世代群体定位纤维品质相关QTL

【目的】定位棉花纤维品质性状相关的数量性状位点(Quantitative trait locus,QTL)。【方法】以陆地棉高强纤维品系中棉所679和纤维品质一般的农垦5号为亲本构建包含200个单株的F2群体及对应的F2:3家系群体,对2个群体的纤维长度、断裂比强度等5个纤维品质性状进行检测。用6 688对简单重复序列(Simple sequence repeat, SSR)引物在双亲间筛选,得到149对多态性引物,以F2为作图群体,使用QTL IciMapping软件进行连锁图谱构建,并对F2及F2:3群体进行QTL定位。【结果】根据F2群体基因型信息构建了1张包含119个标记、28个连锁群、总长为1 173.5 cM(centiMorgan)的遗传连锁图谱。分别在F_2、F2:3群体中检测到9个和11个与纤维品质性状相关的QTLs,这些QTLs分布在11个连锁群上。其中F2群体的qFL-D11-1、q BT-D11-1与F2:3群体的qFL-D11-1、q MIC-D11-1均定位在标记DPL0062与HAU0423之间,推测这些位点可能是控制纤维品质性状的重要QTL。【结论】利用多个群体进行QTL定位有益于发现稳定的QTL位点,控制纤维品质性状的基因可能成簇存在,为挖掘纤维品质性状相关基因及分子标记辅助育种奠定基础。