黄瓜作图亲本间分子标记的多态性分析

利用AFLP,SRAP和SSR3种不同类型的分子标记技术,研究了作图亲本F-3与HZL04-1间的多态性。结果表明,这3种标记技术多态性检测效率不同,其中,AFLP揭示作图亲本间多态性效率最高,SRAP次之,SSR多态性检测效率最低。选择高效揭示多态性的分子标记技术是提高黄瓜遗传图谱构建效率的关键。分析探讨了几种分子标记技术的优缺点,认为应用AFLP,SRAP构建黄瓜遗传图谱为最佳,SSR可以作为补充的标记。     

Mapping and validation of QTLs for resistance to an Indian isolate of Ascochyta blight pathogen in chickpea

Ascochyta blight (AB) caused by Ascochyta rabiei, is globally the most important foliar disease that limits the productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). An intraspecific linkage map of cultivated chickpea was constructed using an F₂ population derived from a cross between an AB susceptible parent ICC 4991 (Pb 7) and an AB resistant parent ICCV 04516. The resultant map consisted of 82 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 2 expressed sequence tag (EST) markers covering 10 linkage groups, spanning a distance of 724.4 cM with an average marker density of 1 marker per 8.6 cM. Three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified that contributed to resistance to an Indian isolate of AB, based on the seedling and adult plant reaction. QTL1 was mapped to LG3 linked to marker TR58 and explained 18.6% of the phenotypic variance (R ²) for AB resistance at the adult plant stage. QTL2 and QTL3 were both mapped to LG4 close to four SSR markers and accounted for 7.7% and 9.3%, respectively, of the total phenotypic variance for AB resistance at seedling stage. The SSR markers which flanked the AB QTLs were validated in a half-sib population derived from the same resistant parent ICCV 04516. Markers TA146 and TR20, linked to QTL2 were shown to be significantly associated with AB resistance at the seedling stage in this half-sib population. The markers linked to these QTLs can be utilized in marker-assisted breeding for AB resistance in chickpea.     

A linkage map for flowering dogwood (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cornus florida</Emphasis> L.) based on microsatellite markers

A genetic linkage map of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) was constructed using 94 individuals derived from a cross of two F₁ trees designated 97-6 and 97-7, which were originally from a cross between ‘Appalachian Spring’ and ‘Cherokee Brave’. Out of approximately 800 SSR loci examined, 271 were polymorphic between ‘Appalachian Spring’ and ‘Cherokee Brave’, but were monomorphic between 97-6 and 97-7. These 271 segregating markers were used to build a linkage map for flowering dogwood. Eleven linkage groups were obtained with a log-of-odds (LOD) value of 6.0 using JoinMap® 4.0 software, which matches the chromosome number of flowering dogwood haploid genome. This linkage map consisted of 255 SSR loci, spanned a total of 1,175 centimorgans (cM) with an average internal distance of 4.6 cM. Several larger gaps and slight clustering of markers were present on this linkage map. This is the first linkage map of flowering dogwood and will be a fundamental tool for new gene identification and marker-assisted selection in our flowering dogwood breeding program.     

马尾松大配子体的SSR多样性及其遗传作图策略研究

本研究利用马尾松单株160粒种子的胚乳（大配子体）和235对微卫星（SSR）引物构建马尾松遗传图谱。经过筛选得到30对具有多态性的引物,产生97个分离位点,平均1.62位点/引物,偏分离率为11.34%。利用FsLinkageMap2.0软件对其进行连锁关系分析,74个标记分布在11个连锁群,有23个标记未连锁到任何连锁群上。该图谱覆盖的基因组总长度为927.91cM,最大连锁群图距为359.89cM,最小连锁群图距为20.44cM。平均每个连锁群的长度为84.36cM,标记间最大间距为28.2cM,最小间距为0,标记平均距离为12.54cM。估算的马尾松基因组大小为2541.21cM,基因组覆盖度为36.5%。利用马尾松大配子体构建该树种较饱和的遗传图谱,大约需要超过1250个标记,并应积极尝试AFLP和SRAP等标记;群体数目应超过200个;同时应开发适于半同胞群体的作图软件。     

基于高密度遗传图谱的水稻卷叶QTL定位

水稻叶片适度卷曲能提高光能利用率,增加产量。本研究以0738-28-1B (生育中后期叶片卷曲)和岗46B (叶片平展)为亲本构建大小为139个单株的F2作图群体,利用ddRADseq技术得到32 960个高质量多态性SNP、Indel标记,构建了包含1 196个bin标记的高密度遗传图谱,相邻bin之间的平均距离为1.12 cM。结合亲本和群体剑叶卷曲度表型数据,对卷叶性状进行QTL定位,检测到2个QTL位点。qRL-3定位在第3染色体8.24～10.13 Mb区间上,表型贡献率为9.76%;qRL-9定位在第9染色体19.69～19.84 Mb区间上,表型贡献率为25.40%,被认为是控制叶片内卷的主效位点,增效位点均来自亲本0738-28-1B。本研究结果为主效QTL位点的进一步精细定位提供了依据,同时为理想株型育种和超高产育种提供了新的卷叶基因资源。     

Genome Maps, Genetic Diversity and Marker-Assisted Selection for Soybean Improvement

Soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merr.] is a major legume used for human and livestock consumption. It has protein quality and oil contents that closely meet the dietary requirements for both humans and animals （Lusas, 2004）. In addition to serving as a valuable protein and oil source, soybean has numerous industrial uses.     

黄瓜远缘群体分子遗传连锁图谱的构建和分析

以野生黄瓜品种和普通栽培黄瓜品种作亲本获得的142个F2群体为材料,采用AFLP,SRAP,SSR等分子标记进行遗传分析,构建了包含10个连锁群,有159个标记组成的黄瓜遗传连锁图谱,其中包括112个AFLP标记,39个SRAP标记和8个SSR标记。该遗传图谱覆盖基因组长度743.11 cM,平均图距4.67 cM。     

Construction of a chromosome-assigned,sequence-tagged linkage map for the radish,Raphanus sativus L. and QTL analysis of morphological traits

The radish displays great morphological variation but the genetic factors underlying this variability are mostly unknown. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling radish morphological traits, we cultivated 94 F₄ and F₅ recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the rat-tail radish and the Japanese radish cultivar ‘Harufuku’ inbred lines. Eight morphological traits (ovule and seed numbers per silique, plant shape, pubescence and root formation) were measured for investigation. We constructed a map composed of 322 markers with a total length of 673.6 cM. The linkage groups were assigned to the radish chromosomes using disomic rape-radish chromosome-addition lines. On the map, eight and 10 QTLs were identified in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The chromosome-linkage group correspondence, the sequence-specific markers and the QTLs detected here will provide useful information for further genetic studies and for selection during radish breeding programs.     

Development of molecular linkage maps in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) using sequence‐related amplified polymorphism markers

Sweet potato is an important food crop with high starch content. It is a hexaploid species, for which the chromosomes have not yet been well characterized. In this study, we used 856 SRAP primer pairs to analyse the 240 individuals from a mapping population, which were derived from a hybrid F₁ generation of ‘Luoxushu 8’ (female) and ‘Zhengshu 20’ (male). Genetic linkage maps of the two parents were constructed. In the female parent (‘Luoxushu 8’), the linkage map consisted of 1391 markers, and the length of the linkage map was estimated to be 10,188.4 cM with an average distance of 7.17 cM between markers. In the male parent (‘Zhengshu 20’), the final linkage map consisted of 1,112 markers, and the estimated length of the map was 9,165.17 cM with an average distance of 8.40 cM between markers. Our results provide a basis for the detailed characterization of sweet potato chromosome sequences and the development of related molecular markers.     

A high‐resolution einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) linkage map involving wild,domesticated and feral einkorn genotypes

A high‐resolution consensus linkage map of Triticum monococcum was assembled from two separate maps involving domesticated, feral and wild einkorn wheat accessions. The genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approach based on DArTseq markers yielded overstretched maps. Deleting all markers with missing data and then converting dubious singletons to missing data produced two maps of about 1,380 cM, close to the published genome size. The consensus map spanned 1,562 cM, had one bin mapped every 0.92 cM and showed only one gap > 10 cM. Chromosome length varied between 151 cM (chromosome 4) and 270 cM (chromosome 7). The consensus map was compared to other A‐genome maps, and the sequences of genetically mapped DArTseq were used to anchor contigs of the T. monococcum, T. urartu and T. aestivum draft genomes based on sequence homology to assess colinearity and to assign mapped markers to the seven chromosomes of the bread wheat A‐genome. Finally, an in silico functional characterization of the sequences was performed. This high‐resolution map will facilitate QTL and association analysis and assist the genome assembly of the einkorn genome.